施加外源碳酸钙和AM菌丝体对樟树幼苗及土壤养分的影响

发布时间：2018-04-19 14:45

本文选题：喀斯特 + AM菌丝体　；参考：《贵州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrizal,AM)是植物与丛枝菌根真菌形成的共生体,这种共生体通过植物光合作用产生的碳水化合物供给根系外延菌丝并交换吸收土壤养分促进植物生长,影响了植物-土壤的生态过程。喀斯特高钙生境中植物与菌根真菌的功能关系是许多研究者关注的重要问题。研究发现,喀斯特适生植物能够交替利用碳酸岩风化产生的碳酸氢根离子作为碳源,AM真菌在这一过程扮演什么角色并影响了植物-土壤体系养分利用和转化的研究还没有涉及。这一问题的明确有助于阐明全球CO2浓度升高背景下喀斯特高钙生境中AM对植物-土壤体系适应性功能调控策略,对生态系统稳定性具有重要意义。本试验采用隔室分离系统,构建外源碳酸钙因素和菌丝隔网因素进行双因素试验。设计种植隔室组(HOST组)和菌丝测试隔室组(TEST组),每一个HOST组和TEST组由4个相同的隔室组成,共计8个隔室组成一个试验单元。在HOST组中种植香樟(Cirtnamomum camphora)幼苗,并接种丛枝菌根真菌幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum),在TEST组中采用外源13C-碳酸钙处理(C+处理,向TEST隔室中添加13C-碳酸钙;C-处理,不向TEST隔室添加13C-碳酸钙),HOST与TEST之间采用菌丝隔网处理(M+处理,采用20μm尼龙网,隔离植物根系向相邻隔室生长但菌丝可通过;M-处理,0.45μm尼龙网,隔离菌丝与植物根系向相邻隔室生长)。试验测定了香樟幼苗生长及土壤基质性状指标,主要结果如下:(1)对生长性状而言,比较隔网处理对生长性状影响的差异,C+处理下,M+隔网显著提高了植株根总长、根表面积、根尖数、根分叉数,同时提高了植株茎生物量和总生物量,但差异不显著;C-处理下,M+隔网与M-隔网的樟树幼苗根系性状指标无显著性差异,但M+隔网对茎生物量和总生物量的提高达到显著水平。比较外源碳酸钙对生长性状影响的差异,M+隔网下,C+处理显著提高根尖数和分叉数,同时茎和总生物量有所提高,但差异不显著;M-隔网下,C+处理对樟树幼苗根系性状指标和植株茎、总生物量均无显著性影响。外源性碳酸钙和隔网处理对樟树幼苗苗高、地径、叶面积均无显著影响。(2)对植株养分而言,比较隔网处理对植株养分吸收的差异,C+处理下,M+隔网显著增加了樟树幼苗根中氮和钙的摄取量,叶片氮和磷摄取量,以及植株总氮和总钙摄取量;C-处理下,M+隔网显著提高了叶片钙、磷摄取量和植株总钙摄取量。比较外源碳酸钙对植株养分吸收的差异,M+隔网处理下,C+处理显著提高了根的氮、钙摄取量,茎的钙摄取量,叶的氮摄取量,和植株总氮、总钙摄取量;在M-隔网处理下,C+处理显著提高樟树幼苗茎的钙摄取量和植株总钙摄取量。(3)对土壤养分而言,比较隔网处理对土壤氮磷养分浓度的差异,C+处理下,M+隔网显著增加了HOST室土壤中粒径0.25 mm的碱解氮和全磷浓度,以及相邻隔室(TEST室)土壤中粒径2.00 mm的全氮浓度;C-处理下,M+隔网显著降低了HOST室土壤中粒径0.25-1.00 mm碱解氮浓度、但显著提高了粒径1.00-2.00 mm有效磷浓度,对TEST室土壤氮磷养分无影响。比较外源碳酸钙对土壤氮磷养分的差异,在M+隔网下,C+处理显著提高了HOST室粒径0.25 mm的碱解氮浓度;在M-隔网处理下,C+处理显著提高了HOST室粒径0.25-1.00 mm全磷浓度和1.00-2.00 mm有效磷浓度,对TEST室磷浓度无显著影响。对球囊霉素含量而言,比较隔网处理对球囊霉素的差异,C+处理下,M+隔网显著增加了TEST室粒径0.25-1.00 mm的总提取球囊霉素含量,但显著降低了粒径2.00 mm总提取球囊霉素含量;C-处理下,M+隔网显著增加了HOST室中粒径0.25 mm、0.25-1.00 mm易提取球囊霉素含量和粒径0.25 mm、1.00-2.00 mm、2.00 mm总提取球囊霉素含量,并显著提高了TEST室所有粒径的总提取球囊霉素含量。比较外源碳酸钙对球囊霉素含量的差异,在M+隔网下,C+处理显著提高了HOST室中粒径2.00 mm总球囊霉素含量和TEST室中粒径2.00 mm易提取球囊霉素含量,显著降低了TEST室中0.25-1.00 mm总提取球囊霉素含量;在M-隔网处理下,C+处理显著提高了HOST室四个粒径的易提取球囊霉素含量和TEST室粒径0.25mm、2.00 mm总提取球囊霉素含量。(4)对δ13C值而言,比较隔网处理对δ13C值的差异,C+处理下,M+隔网处理增加了根、茎、叶中δ13C值,并增加了HOST室粒径0.25 mm的δ13C值;C-处理下,M+隔网增加了根、叶中的δ13C值,对土壤中δ13C值影响不显著。比较外源碳酸钙对δ13C值的差异,在M+隔网处理下,C+处理显著增加了TEST室四个粒径的土壤δ13C值,并增加了HOST室粒径0.25 mm、1.00-2.00 mm的δ13C值,植株根茎叶的δ13C值也有所提高;在M-隔网处理下,C+处理提高了植株根茎叶中的δ13C值。(5)总体上,施加外源碳酸钙和AM菌丝体对植株和土壤δ13C值均有影响,但二者的交互作用对土壤和植株δ13C值的影响不显著。外源碳酸钙、AM菌丝体及二者的交互作用均能促进植株对氮、钙的摄取,提高土壤的氮磷养分,增加总球囊霉素在土壤中的含量。
[Abstract]:Arbuscular Mycorrizal (AM) is a symbiont formed between plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. This symbiont, through the carbohydrates produced by plant photosynthesis, supplies root epitaxial mycelia and exchanges and absorbs soil nutrients to promote plant growth and affects the ecological process of plant soil. Plants and mycorrhizae in high calcium habitats in Karst The functional relationship of fungi is an important issue for many researchers. It is found that the Karst growing plants can alternatively use carbon bicarbonate ions produced by carbonatite weathering as carbon sources. What role AM fungi play in this process and the study of nutrient use and transformation in plant soil systems have not been involved. It is helpful to clarify the adaptive function control strategy of AM on plant soil system in high calcium habitats in Karst under the background of global CO2 concentration, and it is of great significance to the stability of the ecosystem. Group HOST) and mycelium test compartment group (group TEST), each HOST group and TEST group were composed of 4 identical compartments and a total of 8 compartments composed of a test unit. In HOST group, camphor (Cirtnamomum camphora) seedlings were planted and inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus etunicatum), and exogenous 13C- calcium carbonate treatment was used in the TEST group. C+ treatment, adding 13C- calcium carbonate to the TEST compartment, C- treatment, not adding 13C- calcium carbonate to the TEST compartment, using mycelium isolation between HOST and TEST (M+ treatment, using 20 micron nylon net, isolating plant roots to adjacent compartments but mycelium can pass; M- treatment, 0.45 micron nylon net, isolated mycelia and plant roots to adjacent compartments). The growth and soil matrix properties of camphora camphora were measured and the main results were as follows: (1) the difference between the growth traits and growth traits was compared with the growth traits. Under the C+ treatment, M+ septum significantly improved root length, root surface area, root tip number, root fork number, and increased plant biomass and total biomass, but the difference between plant biomass and total biomass were improved. There was no significant difference in C- treatment. There was no significant difference between the root traits of the camphor seedlings of M+ septum and M- septum, but the increase of the biomass and total biomass of the stem was significantly higher than that of the M+ septum. Compared with the difference of the effects of exogenous calcium carbonate on the growth traits, the number of high root tips and forking numbers and the total biomass of the stems and the total biomass were significantly raised by C+ treatment. The difference was not significant. Under M- isolation, C+ treatment had no significant effect on the root traits of camphor seedlings and plant stem and total biomass. Exogenous calcium carbonate and net isolation had no significant influence on the seedling height, diameter and leaf area of camphor tree seedlings. (2) to compare the nutrient absorption difference between the plant and the plant nutrient, C+ treatment M+ septum significantly increased the uptake of nitrogen and calcium in the roots of camphor tree seedlings, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of leaves, and total plant nitrogen and total calcium uptake. Under the C- treatment, M+ septum significantly improved leaf calcium, phosphorus uptake and total plant calcium uptake. The difference of nutrient uptake by exogenous calcium carbonate was compared. Under the M+ septum treatment, C+ treatment was significantly raised. Higher root nitrogen, calcium intake, calcium uptake of stem, leaf nitrogen uptake, total nitrogen and total calcium uptake. Under M- isolation, C+ treatment significantly improved the calcium uptake and total calcium uptake of the stem of camphor tree seedlings. (3) for soil nutrients, the difference of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in soil was compared with the soil nutrients. Under the C+ treatment, M+ isolation was shown. The concentration of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and total phosphorus in the soil of HOST room was increased by 0.25 mm, as well as the total nitrogen concentration of 2 mm in the adjacent compartment (TEST chamber). Under C- treatment, M+ septum significantly reduced the concentration of 0.25-1.00 mm alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in the HOST room soil, but significantly increased the concentration of the grain diameter 1.00-2.00 mm, and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the TEST chamber soil. The difference of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of soil by exogenous calcium carbonate was compared. Under M+ isolation, C+ treatment significantly increased the concentration of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in the HOST room size of 0.25 mm; C+ treatment significantly improved the 0.25-1.00 mm total phosphorus concentration and 1.00-2.00 mm effective phosphorus concentration in HOST compartment, and had no significant effect on the concentration of phosphorus in TEST chamber. In terms of element content, the difference of cypomycin was compared with septum treatment. Under C+ treatment, M+ septum significantly increased the total extraction of spherical cypmycin content of 0.25-1.00 mm in TEST compartment, but significantly reduced the total extraction of cypmycin by 2 mm particle size; M+ septum significantly increased the particle size of 0.25 mm in HOST room and 0.25-1.00 mm easily extracted balloon mildew under C- treatment. The content of 0.25 mm, 1.00-2.00 mm and 2 mm in the total extraction of cypcomycin content, and significantly increased the total extract of all the particles in the TEST chamber. The difference of the content of the cycomycin by exogenous calcium carbonate was compared. Under the M+ septum, C+ treatment improved the content of the total particle size of 2 mm in HOST room and the particle size of TEST room 2. Mm easily extracted the content of glomus mycin, significantly reduced the total extraction of 0.25-1.00 mm in the TEST chamber. Under M- septum treatment, C+ treatment significantly improved the content of the four particle sizes of the HOST compartment and the 0.25mm of TEST chamber particle size, and the total extraction of cyclosamycin. (4) the delta 13C value was compared to the delta 13C value for the delta 13C value. Under the C+ treatment, M+ isolation increased the value of delta 13C in the root, stem and leaf, and increased the delta 13C value of 0.25 mm in the HOST chamber; M+ septum increased the root and the delta 13C value in the leaves under C- treatment. The delta 13C value in the soil was not significant. Compared with the difference of the delta 13C value of the exogenous calcium carbonate, the treatment significantly increased four chambers under the M+ septum treatment. The delta 13C value of the grain size, increased the size of the HOST chamber 0.25 mm, the delta 13C value of 1.00-2.00 mm, and the delta 13C value of the root and stem leaves of the plant increased. In the M- septum treatment, the C+ treatment improved the delta 13C value in the rhizome leaves of the plant. (5) overall, the exogenous calcium carbonate and AM mycelium had influence on the delta 13C value of the plant and the soil, but the interaction between the two The effects on the value of soil and plant Delta 13C were not significant. The interaction of exogenous calcium carbonate, AM mycelium and the two could promote the uptake of nitrogen and calcium, increase the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of the soil, and increase the content of total cycomycin in the soil.

【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S792.23;S714.8

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