抗病鉴定菌种储藏条件的筛选优化

发布时间：2018-04-20 03:19

  本文选题：小麦赤霉病菌 + 小麦纹枯病菌　； 参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于安徽省农作物品种审定工作的需要,为审定品种的抗病性鉴定服务,必须建立代表安徽省各种植生态区的病菌菌种库。小麦赤霉病、小麦纹枯病、玉米小斑病和玉米茎基腐病是安徽省小麦和玉米生产上的重要病害,也是报审品种抗病性鉴定的主要对象,筛选优化以上病害病原物的储藏条件是菌种库的基础工作,意义重大。本文以上述四种病菌为研究对象,主要以病菌的菌丝生长速率、产孢量以及致病力指标为依据,通过不同储藏温度、不同保种基物、不同基物含水量与不同保存时间等条件的影响试验,找出各病菌的最佳储藏条件的组合,为小麦、玉米品种的抗病性鉴定和抗病育种工作服务。研究结果如下:1.冷冻真空干燥法对基物含水量的研究:经过不同的真空冷冻干燥时间对4种基物(小麦、大麦、玉米、绿豆)含水量的影响研究,得到了真空冷冻干燥时间与含水量的关系,真空冷冻干燥时间为22h-33h,固体培养基物含水量在10%以下对病菌储藏有利;2.菌种储藏方法的优化筛选:小麦、大麦、玉米、绿豆4种固体培养基的研究:设置0h、11h、33h、55h的冷冻干燥时间处理后,分别保存于4℃、-20℃和-80℃温度的冰箱中,在不同储藏时间段测定菌丝生长速率、产孢量及致病力。结果表明:在4种培养基物中,小麦赤霉病菌与小麦纹枯病菌在玉米培养基物上生活力表现最好,设置的4个玉米培养基含水量梯度条件,-80℃温度保存3个月后,小麦赤霉病菌平均菌丝生长速率平均值为3.10cm/d,产孢量平均值为3.98×105个/mL,田间鉴定的病情指数为0.87%。小麦纹枯病田间鉴定的平均病情指数达到0.48%。玉米小斑病菌与玉米茎基腐病菌在小麦培养基物上生活力表现最好,-80℃温度保存3个月后,玉米小斑病菌的产孢量的平均值为5.63×105个/mL,田间鉴定的病情指数为0.61%。玉米茎基腐病菌的平均产孢量为2.18×10~7个/mL,田间鉴定的病情指数为0.76%。3.菌种储藏时间的确定:-80℃温度条件下储藏,设置12个月、15个月、18个月三种处理,测得的玉米培养基中小麦赤霉病菌的菌丝生长速率的平均是为:2.316、2.414、2.265(cm/d)。小麦培养基中玉米茎基腐病菌的菌丝生长速率平均值为:2.306、2.418、2.193(cm/d)。随之储藏时间的延长,病菌的生长速率略有降低。
[Abstract]:Because of the need of the examination and approval of crop varieties in Anhui Province, it is necessary to establish the germs bank representing each planting ecological region in Anhui Province for the purpose of identifying the disease resistance of the approved varieties. Wheat scab, wheat sheath blight, maize mildew and maize stem rot are important diseases in wheat and maize production in Anhui Province, and are also the main objects for identification of disease resistance of wheat and maize varieties. Screening and optimizing the storage conditions of the above disease pathogens is the basic work of the seed bank, which is of great significance. Based on the hyphae growth rate, sporulation and pathogenicity of the four kinds of bacteria, different storage temperature and different seed preservation base material were used in this paper. The effects of different water content of substrate and different storage time were tested to find out the best storage conditions of each pathogen and to serve for the identification of disease resistance of wheat and maize varieties and the breeding of disease resistance. The results are as follows: 1. The effect of different vacuum freeze drying time on the water content of four substrates (wheat, barley, corn, mung bean) was studied, and the relationship between vacuum freeze drying time and water content was obtained. The vacuum freeze-drying time was 22h-33h, and the moisture content of the solid medium was below 10%. Optimization selection of storage methods: studies on four kinds of solid culture medium of wheat, barley, corn and mung bean: after freeze-drying time of 0 h 11h ~ 33h ~ 55 h, it was stored in refrigerator at 4 鈩，

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