生物质炭对土壤中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）生物有效性及微生物群落结构多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-04-20 20:01

本文选题：生物质炭 + 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯　；参考：《浙江农林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs),是一类环境激素类化合物,具有致畸、致癌和致突变的毒性。其中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)是使用量最大、应用范围最广、毒性较强的邻苯二甲酸酯化合物之一,广泛存在于农田土壤中。生物质炭通常具有丰富的微孔结构和巨大的比表面积,可以用作土壤污染的修复剂。本研究通过在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)污染的不同类型土壤(有机质含量低的新垦红壤、有机质含量高的熟化红壤)中添加不同种类(稻草炭、毛竹炭)以及不同用量(0%、0.5%和2%)的生物质炭,温室种植上海青并在56天后采集土样,采用超声波辅助提取-气相色谱法分析以及磷脂脂肪酸法(PLFA)考察了土壤类型、生物质炭种类以及用量对土壤中DBP生物有效性以及土壤微生物群落结构多样性的影响。主要研究结论如下:(1)与对照相比,添加毛竹炭显著(P0.05)降低了熟化红壤和新垦红壤中DBP的含量,添加2%稻草炭使新垦红壤中DBP的含量显著(P0.05)增加了77.81%。生物质炭添加量(0.5%、2%)对熟化红壤中DBP的含量无显著影响。52)熟化红壤中细菌、真菌及微生物总PLFA的含量显著(P0.05)高于新垦红壤;熟化红壤中添加2%的稻草炭显著(P0.05)增加了三者的含量,新垦红壤中添加毛竹炭则显著(P0.05)降低了三者的含量。添加生物质炭使细菌、真菌及微生物总PLFA含量的变化趋势一致。(3)在新垦红壤中,添加2%的稻草炭对革兰氏阴性菌/革兰氏阳性菌的比值的增加效果最显著(P0.05),添加2%的毛竹炭对土壤微生物群落Shannon指数的降低效果最显著(P0.05)。添加2%的稻草炭对熟化红壤和新垦红壤中微生物压力指数降低效果最显著(P0.05)。在熟化红壤中添加生物质炭则对土壤中真菌/细菌和革兰氏阴性菌/革兰氏阳性菌的比值以及微生物群落Shannon指数无显著影响。(4)主成分分析表明,土壤有机质含量以及生物质炭的种类和用量均会对土壤微生物群落结构产生一定影响,且生物质炭的这种影响与土壤有机质含量密切相关。综上所述,与稻草炭相比,毛竹炭更能降低土壤中DBP的生物有效性。生物质炭的种类、用量及土壤有机质含量均对土壤微生物群落结构多样性具有一定影响,而土壤有机质含量的影响更为明显。
[Abstract]:Phthalate is a class of environmental hormone compounds with teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic toxicity. Among them, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most widely used phthalate compounds, which is widely used in farmland soil. Biomass carbon has abundant micropore structure and large specific surface area and can be used as a remediation agent for soil pollution. In this study, different types of soil (straw charcoal) were added to different types of soil polluted by dibutyl phthalate (DBP) (newly cultivated red soil with low organic matter content and ripe red soil with high organic matter content). Soil types were investigated by ultrasonic assisted extraction gas chromatography (GC) and phospholipid fatty acid method (PLFA). The effects of biomass carbon species and their dosage on the bioavailability of DBP in soil and the diversity of soil microbial community. The main results were as follows: compared with the control, the addition of Phyllostachys pubescens (P0.05) significantly decreased the content of DBP in the aged red soil and newly cultivated red soil, and the addition of 2% straw charcoal significantly increased the content of DBP in the newly cultivated red soil by 77.81% (P0.05). The content of total PLFA of bacteria, fungi and microorganisms in matured red soil was significantly higher than that in newly cultivated red soil (P0.05), and the addition of 2% straw charcoal significantly increased the content of P0.05). The addition of Phyllostachys pubescens to the newly cultivated red soil significantly decreased the content of P0.05. The change trend of the total PLFA content of bacteria, fungi and microorganisms was the same with the addition of biomass carbon in the newly cultivated red soil. The increase of the ratio of Gram-negative bacteria to Gram-positive bacteria by adding 2% straw charcoal was the most significant (P 0.05), and the decrease of Shannon index of soil microbial community by adding 2% bamboo charcoal was the most significant (P 0.05). The effect of adding 2% straw charcoal on the reduction of microbial pressure index in aged red soil and newly cultivated red soil was most significant (P0.05). The ratio of fungi / bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria / Gram-positive bacteria and the Shannon index of microbial community were not significantly affected by the addition of biomass charcoal in the mature red soil. The results of principal component analysis showed that the ratio of fungi / bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria in soil and the Shannon index of microbial community were not significantly affected by the addition of biomass charcoal. The content of soil organic matter and the species and amount of biomass carbon have a certain influence on the structure of soil microbial community, and the effect of biomass carbon is closely related to the content of soil organic matter. In conclusion, compared with straw charcoal, bamboo charcoal can reduce the bioavailability of DBP in soil. The species and amount of biomass carbon and the content of soil organic matter have certain influence on the diversity of soil microbial community structure, but the effect of soil organic matter content is more obvious.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;S154.3

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