湖南省煤矿区复垦土壤微生物修复的菌株筛选与应用

发布时间：2018-04-21 18:10

本文选题：复垦土壤 + 固氮菌　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：矿山开采过程中不仅破坏和侵占大量土地资源,同时也带来了一系列的环境问题和社会问题。矿区土地复垦及其土壤重建对缓解我国人地矛盾具有重要的实践意义。本研究以湖南省煤矿区复垦土壤为研究对象,在对煤矿区复垦土壤肥力调查研究的基础上,通过室内培养、盆栽试验,进行了固氮菌、解磷菌和解钾菌的筛选与应用研究,并对所选优势菌株和引进菌株进行了复配构建及其载体的筛选。旨在为湖南省煤矿区复垦土壤的生态重建提供高效微生物复合菌群。主要研究结果如下：1.湖南省煤矿区土地复垦方式以红壤生土覆盖为主,土壤肥力低,生物活性差。典型样区土壤微生物总数(细菌、真菌、放线菌之和)在6×104以下,土壤有机质含量在5.43～17.73g/kg之间,多在10g/kg以下,全氮、碱解氮含量为0.13-0.63g/kg和40.96～116.31mg/kg,全磷、速效磷含量为0.13～0.59 g/kg和0.51～4.47mg/kg,全钾、速效钾含量为14.77～24.82g/kg和38.01～203.94mg/kg。具有严重缺磷、缺氮,缺少有机质,钾素营养较丰富的特征。经初筛、复筛、土壤培养,从复垦土壤中筛选出了活力比较强的2株固氮菌(N2、N3),2株解磷菌(P1、P7),2株解钾菌(K7、K8)。N2和N3液体培养的活力测定值分别为100mL含氮2.28g和1.19gN/mL,P1、P7的活力测定值为溶磷率为12.12%和24.31%,K7、K8的解钾量较对照提高了48.0%和49.5%。2.油菜盆栽试验结果表明,不同供试菌株对土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾的含量影响不明显,但土壤pH值有降低趋势。不同处理的土壤微生物数量、油菜的生长及产量差异比较大。其中,P7、A(从俄罗斯引进)、K8表现较好,可有效提高土壤微生物数量和植株的氮、磷、钾总量,油菜的角果数和籽粒的千粒重明显增加,增产效果显著,以P7和A的效果更佳。3.在拮抗试验中,N2, P7, K7、K8, A, SX3-2(由项目组提供)之间的油菜生长较好,无明显的拮抗现象。4.在设计的30组复合菌液体培养中,N2+K8+P7、N2+K8+SX3-2、N2+A+K8+P7和N2+A+K8+SX3-2组合表现出明显的生长优势,它们的OD600值均在0.9以上。5.在微生物菌群的载体筛选中,以75%堆肥+25%谷糠处理的微生物数量最高,并且具有无明显异味、物理性状稳定、不产生高温的性质。
[Abstract]:The mining process not only destroys and encroaches on a large number of land resources, but also brings a series of environmental and social problems. Land reclamation and soil reconstruction in mining areas are of great practical significance to alleviate the contradiction between people and land in China. On the basis of investigation and study on fertility of reclaimed soil in coal mine area of Hunan Province, the screening and application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus releasing bacteria and potassium releasing bacteria were studied through indoor culture and pot experiment. The selected dominant strains and imported strains were constructed and their vectors were screened. The aim of this paper is to provide efficient microbial complex flora for the ecological reconstruction of reclaimed soil in coal mine area of Hunan province. The main results are as follows: 1. The land reclamation in coal mine area of Hunan Province is dominated by red soil cover with low soil fertility and poor biological activity. The total number of soil microbes (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) is below 6 脳 10 ~ 4, the content of soil organic matter is below 5.43~17.73g/kg, the content of total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen is 0.13-0.63g/kg and 40.96g / kg of 116.31 mg / kg, the content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus is 0.130.59 g/kg and 0.514.47 mg / kg / kg, total potassium, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen are 0.130.59 g/kg and 0.514.47 mg / kg, respectively. The available potassium contents were 14.77~24.82g/kg and 38.01% ~ 203.94 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1). It is characterized by serious phosphorus deficiency, nitrogen deficiency, lack of organic matter and abundant potassium nutrition. After primary screening, re-screening, soil culture, Two strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria N _ 2 N _ 2N _ 3N _ 3 and two strains of P _ 2O _ 3 P _ (1) P _ (7) P _ (7) were screened from reclaimed soil. The activity of K _ (2) K _ (8) N _ (2) and N _ (3) in liquid culture were 100mL 2.28 g and 1.19 g N 路mL ~ (-1) P _ (1) P _ (1) P _ (7), respectively. The dissolution rates of phosphorus were 12.12% and 24.31% K _ 7K _ 8, respectively. The quantity increased by 48.0% and 49.5%, respectively. The results of rape pot experiment showed that the soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were not affected by different strains, but the pH value of soil decreased. The number of soil microorganism in different treatments, rape growth and yield are quite different. The introduction of P7 (K8) from Russia can effectively increase the number of soil microbes, the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants, the number of kernels in rape and the 1000-grain weight of seeds, and the effect of increasing yield is remarkable, especially the effect of P7 and A is better than that of P7 and A. In the antagonistic test, rape between N _ 2, P _ 7, K _ 7, K _ 7 K _ 8, A, SX _ 3-2 (provided by the project group) grew well, and there was no obvious antagonistic phenomenon .4. The combination of N 2 K 8 P 7 N 2 K 8 SX 3 2 N 2 A A K 8 P 7 and N 2A K 8 SX3-2 showed obvious growth advantage in the liquid culture of 30 groups of compound bacteria. Their OD600 values were all above 0. 9. 5. In the vector screening of microbial flora, 75% compost 25% rice bran treatment had the highest number of microbes, and had no obvious odor, stable physical properties and no high temperature properties.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.39

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