半干旱区不同秋覆膜方式对土壤水分及春玉米光合特性的影响

发布时间：2018-04-24 23:16

本文选题：春玉米 + 秋季覆膜　；参考：《干旱地区农业研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：为了提高旱作农区降雨利用效率,并解决春旱问题,在西北半干旱地区设置了秋季地膜全覆盖(PA)和秋季沟垄集雨半膜覆盖(RH)两种覆膜方式,以裸地不覆盖(CK)为对照,对土壤水分、春玉米功能叶片的光合参数、荧光参数和籽粒产量进行了研究。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,不同秋覆膜方式显著增加了春玉米播前0~100 cm土壤储水量,2013年春旱严重,PA和RH处理分别提高了26.15%和13.40%;2014年春季有雨雪,两种覆膜方式分别提高了10.44%和11.20%。不同秋覆膜处理的春玉米净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/F_0)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)较对照有不同程度提高,且2014年增幅高于2013年。2013年PA和RH处理的籽粒产量较CK分别提高了40.98%和25.83%,水分利用效率增加了29.70%和22.87%;2014年两个处理春玉米籽粒产量分别提高了74.60%和48.64%,水分利用效率增加了64.87%和47.08%。试验表明,不同秋覆膜方式在西北半干旱地区均可提高春玉米叶片的光合性能,并显著提高春玉米籽粒产量及水分利用效率,在偏旱的年份效果尤为明显,且秋季地膜全覆盖优于秋季沟垄集雨半膜覆盖,是西北半干旱区春玉米一种高效的栽培模式。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the efficiency of rainfall utilization in arid farming areas and to solve the problem of spring drought, two kinds of film mulching methods were set up in the semiarid area of northwest China, namely, full film mulching in autumn (PAA) and rain-ridge rain-collecting and semi-film mulching in autumn, which were compared with CK without cover on bare land. Soil moisture, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence parameters and grain yield of functional leaves of spring maize were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, the soil water storage of 100 cm in spring maize was increased significantly in different autumn mulching methods, and the soil water storage was increased by 26.15% and 13.40% in 2013 under severe spring drought, and increased by 10.44% and 11.20 times respectively in spring with rain and snow in 2014. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of spring maize treated with different autumn film mulching treatments were higher than those of the control in different degrees, such as stomatal conductance (GsN), maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum photochemical quantum yield (FV / FmP0) and photochemical quenching coefficient (Q P). The grain yield and water use efficiency of PA and RH treatments increased by 40.98% and 25.833%, respectively, and water use efficiency increased 29.70% and 22.87%, respectively, and grain yield increased 74.60% and 48.64%, water use efficiency increased 64.87% and 47.08%, respectively. The results showed that different autumn film mulching methods could improve the photosynthetic performance of spring maize leaves, and significantly improve the grain yield and water use efficiency of spring maize in the semi-arid region of northwest China, especially in dry years. The full mulching of spring maize in autumn is better than that in ravine and ridge in autumn, which is an efficient cultivation mode of spring maize in the semi-arid region of Northwest China.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学林学院;中国旱区节水农业研究院农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;西北农林科技大学农学院;
【基金】：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题“西北旱作区抗逆稳产旱作农业技术集成与示范”(2012BAD09B03) “十二五”863课题“作物生境过程光能利用调控技术”(2013AA102902) “十二五”公益性行业项目“黄土高原雨养农田水分高效利用技术研究与示范”专题“陕西(宁夏)雨养农田玉米水分高效利用技术研究与示范”(201303104)
【分类号】：S152.7;S513

【相似文献】