施肥对北京山区农田地表氮磷流失的影响——以密云水库流域为例

发布时间：2018-04-24 23:18

本文选题：施肥 + 农田　；参考：《中国水土保持科学》2017年01期

【摘要】：农田非点源污染是最普遍的非点源污染类型之一,直接威胁北京市密云水库的水质状况;施用化肥是农田非点源污染物的主要来源。以北京市山区的农田化肥施用现状为基础,紧邻密云水库布设径流试验小区,种植当地的主要作物——夏玉米,设置常规(施肥)和对照(不施肥)2种处理,分析天然降雨条件下,施肥对农田地表氮和磷流失的影响。结果表明:施肥显著提高地表径流中氨态氮的浓度,但对径流硝态氮、总氮、可溶磷和总磷的影响有限;附着于泥沙上的颗粒态磷质量分数因施肥显著增加,但颗粒态氮质量分数仅在底肥施用后的首次产流中,表现出较大差异;泥沙是地表径流中氮和磷流失的主要载体,试验期间常规和对照小区,氮随泥沙流失负荷分别占氮流失总量的58.6%和53.6%,磷随泥沙流失负荷占比分别为97.2%和96.5%。研究结果可为密云水库流域农业生产管理和非点源污染治理提供参考。
[Abstract]:Farmland non-point source pollution is one of the most common types of non-point source pollution, which directly threatens the water quality of Miyun Reservoir in Beijing, and the application of chemical fertilizer is the main source of farmland non-point source pollutants. Based on the present situation of fertilizer application in Beijing mountainous area, a runoff experimental plot was set up next to Miyun Reservoir. The main local crop, summer maize, was planted, and two treatments, conventional (fertilization) and control (no fertilizer application), were set up. The effect of fertilization on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in farmland was analyzed under natural rainfall. The results showed that fertilization significantly increased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in surface runoff, but had limited effect on nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, soluble phosphorus and total phosphorus. However, the mass fraction of granular nitrogen was different only in the first runoff after the application of base fertilizer, and sediment was the main carrier of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff. The nitrogen load with sediment loss accounted for 58.6% and 53.6% of the total nitrogen loss respectively, and the ratio of phosphorus with sediment loss load was 97.2% and 96.5% respectively. The results can provide reference for agricultural production management and non-point source pollution control in Miyun reservoir basin.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室地理学与遥感科学学院;中国水利水电科学研究院;
【基金】：北京师范大学青年教师基金项目“坡面养分流失过程的室内模拟试验研究”(2014NT04) 国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目“地表过程模型与模拟”(41621061)
【分类号】：S157

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