蓄水坑灌条件下施肥对果园土壤呼吸特性的影响

发布时间：2018-04-26 00:37

本文选题：蓄水坑灌 + 土壤呼吸速率　；参考：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球气候变暖会引发温室效应，造成资源环境问题，影响社会经济的可持续发展，然而造成气候变暖的原因正是由于大气中CO2浓度的增加，土壤呼吸释放CO2的过程是土壤和大气之间气体交换的主要途径，因此，CO2的研究需要引起高度的重视。为了探讨蓄水坑灌条件下施肥对果园土壤呼吸速率的影响，本文共设置0g/L，0.749g/L，1.248g/L三个不同的肥液浓度水平，采用LI-COR-6400便携光合测定仪所配套的土壤呼吸室测量系统，在山西省农科院果树研究所试验区的果园内对不同肥液浓度条件下的土壤进行土壤呼吸速率测定。本试验研究在蓄水坑灌条件下，果园内不同肥液浓度处理下，土壤呼吸速率的季节性变化规律和日变化规律、土壤呼吸速率与影响因子之间的关系、离树干不同位置处的土壤呼吸速率变化规律以及不同灌溉方式下土壤呼吸速率的变化规律。通过对在特定环境条件下土壤呼吸特征及其影响因素的研究，可以了解土壤呼吸作用的代谢过程和基本规律，探讨环境因子与果园土壤呼吸的相关性。主要研究结果如下： 1、蓄水坑灌条件下果园果树的整个生育期内，土壤呼吸速率的季节变化和日变化均呈现出先上升后下降的不对称单峰型变化曲线规律。土壤呼吸速率不受灌溉方式和不同处理方式的限制，其变化动态趋势基本保持一致。季节变化是在7月份左右达到了最大值，成熟收获期10月份左右时降到最低；日变化是在下午一点左右达到了峰值，在上午七点左右出现了最低值。 2、根据不同肥液浓度处理下的土壤呼吸速率平均值显示，土壤呼吸速率会随肥液浓度的增加而逐渐增强，肥液浓度为1.248g/L时土壤呼吸速率值最高，表明施用一定量的肥料会增加土壤呼吸速率。 3、从整体来看，土壤呼吸速率随着据树干距离的延长而逐渐降低。然而，在经过蓄水坑方向距树干50cm处和不经过蓄水坑方向距树干60cm处的土壤呼吸速率均比距树干30cm处的土壤呼吸速率高。 4、考虑各层土壤温度对土壤呼吸速率的影响，不同处理下的土壤呼吸速率与地下10cm处的土壤温度的关系较为密切，具有比较一致的变化规律，呈显著正相关。在一定范围内，土壤呼吸速率随着土壤温度的升高呈指数增加。 5、考虑空气相对湿度对土壤呼吸速率的影响，不同处理下的土壤呼吸速率与空气相对湿度呈负相关关系。 6、考虑土壤水分对土壤呼吸速率的影响，不同处理下的土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分之间的相关性不明显。 7、综合考虑土壤温度、土壤水分和空气相对湿度的影响，研究其对土壤呼吸速率的协同作用，结果表明，土壤温度、土壤水分和空气相对湿度是影响土壤呼吸速率的主要因素，，土壤呼吸是土壤温度、土壤水分和空气相对湿度共同作用的结果。
[Abstract]:Global warming will lead to Greenhouse Effect, causing resource and environmental problems, and affecting the sustainable development of social economy. However, the cause of global warming is the increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The process of soil respiration and release of CO2 is the main way of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere, so the study of CO _ 2 should be paid more attention to. In order to study the effect of fertilization on soil respiration rate in orchard under the condition of water storage pit irrigation, three different fertilizer concentration levels of 0 g / L 0. 749 g / L Li 1.248 g / L were set up, and the soil respiration chamber measurement system was adopted by LI-COR-6400 portable photosynthesis meter. The soil respiration rate was measured in the orchard of the fruit tree research institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences under the condition of different concentration of fertilizer solution. In this experiment, the seasonal and diurnal variation of soil respiration rate and the relationship between soil respiration rate and influencing factors were studied under the condition of water storage pit irrigation and different concentration of fertilizer solution in orchard. The variation of soil respiration rate at different locations from the trunk and the variation of soil respiration rate under different irrigation methods. The metabolic process and basic law of soil respiration can be understood by studying the characteristics of soil respiration and its influencing factors under special environmental conditions, and the correlation between environmental factors and soil respiration in orchards can be discussed. The main findings are as follows: 1. The seasonal and diurnal variation of soil respiration rate in the whole growth period of orchard fruit trees under the condition of water storage pit irrigation showed the unsymmetrical single-peak curve of rising first and then decreasing. Soil respiration rate was not restricted by irrigation and different treatments, and the dynamic trend of soil respiration rate was basically the same. The seasonal variation reached its maximum in July and decreased to the lowest in October, and the diurnal variation reached its peak at about 1: 00 in the afternoon and the lowest at about 7: 00 in the morning. 2. According to the average value of soil respiration rate under different concentration of fertilizer solution, soil respiration rate will increase gradually with the increase of fertilizer solution concentration, and the value of soil respiration rate is the highest when the concentration of fertilizer solution is 1.248g/L. The results showed that applying a certain amount of fertilizer could increase the rate of soil respiration. 3. As a whole, soil respiration rate decreased with the extension of tree trunk distance. However, the soil respiration rates were higher in the direction of water storage pit from the trunk 50cm and the direction from the direction of the water storage pit to the trunk 60cm than that from the trunk 30cm. 4. Considering the effect of soil temperature on soil respiration rate, soil respiration rate under different treatments is closely related to soil temperature at underground 10cm. In a certain range, soil respiration rate increased exponentially with the increase of soil temperature. 5. Considering the effect of air relative humidity on soil respiration rate, there was a negative correlation between soil respiration rate and air relative humidity under different treatments. 6. Considering the effect of soil moisture on soil respiration rate, there was no significant correlation between soil respiration rate and soil moisture under different treatments. 7. Considering the effects of soil temperature, soil moisture and air relative humidity, the synergistic effect of soil temperature, soil moisture and air relative humidity on soil respiration rate was studied. The results showed that soil temperature, soil moisture and air relative humidity were the main factors affecting soil respiration rate. Soil respiration is the result of the interaction of soil temperature, soil moisture and air relative humidity.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S66;S154

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