不同灌溉模式对广西蔗田大型土壤动物群落结构的影响

发布时间：2018-04-26 00:40

本文选题：灌溉模式 + 大型土壤动物群落　；参考：《生态与农村环境学报》2017年08期

【摘要】：为了探讨不同灌溉模式对大型土壤动物群落结构的影响,在广西崇左市江州区糖料蔗节水灌溉试验区设置地埋滴灌、地表滴灌、管灌、喷灌、微喷5种灌溉处理以及无灌溉空白对照共6个样地,于2015年5—11月对大型土壤动物群落及土壤理化性质进行调查。共捕获大型土壤动物1 180只,隶属于2门10纲18目,优势类群为膜翅目(蚁科),占总数的71.44%;常见类群为蜘蛛目、等翅目(白蚁科)、革翅目、直翅目、鞘翅目、蜚蠊目、半翅目和等足目。不同灌溉模式各样地大型土壤动物类群数差异不显著。灌溉处理样地大型土壤动物密度、ShannonWiener多样性指数(H)、Pielou均匀度指数(E)和Margalef丰富度指数(D)均优于无灌溉样地,Simpson优势度指数(C)则相反,并且地埋滴灌、喷灌样地与无灌溉样地间上述指标均差异显著。不同灌溉模式对蔗田土壤理化性质产生显著影响,地埋滴灌、地表滴灌、管灌、喷灌和微喷样地土壤含水率、有机质含量、速效氮含量、速效磷含量及速效钾含量均高于无灌溉样地,且地埋滴灌与喷灌样地上述指标值较高。节水灌溉增强了土壤的储水能力,提高了土壤的营养条件,改善了蔗田土壤的微环境。大型土壤动物群落结构在不同灌溉模式下变化显著,主要表现在大型土壤动物密度与多样性增加,地埋滴灌和喷灌方式样地表现尤为突出。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of different irrigation patterns on the community structure of macrofauna, drip irrigation, surface drip irrigation, pipe irrigation and sprinkler irrigation were set up in the sugarcane water-saving irrigation area of Jiangzhou, Chongzuo City, Guangxi. Soil macrofauna community and soil physical and chemical properties were investigated in 6 plots with micro-sprayed irrigation treatments and no irrigation blank control in May-November 2015. A total of 1 180 large soil animals were captured, belonging to 2 phyla, 10 classes and 18 orders. The dominant group was Hymenoptera (Formicidae, accounting for 71.44th of the total), and the common groups were Araneae, Isoptera (Termitae, Leoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, cockroach). Hemiptera and Isopoda There was no significant difference in the number of soil macrofauna groups in different irrigation patterns. Both Shannon Wiener diversity index (E) and Margalef richness index (D) of large soil fauna in irrigated land were better than those in unirrigated land. There were significant differences between sprinkler land and non-irrigated land. Different irrigation patterns had a significant effect on soil physical and chemical properties of sugarcane field. Soil moisture content, organic matter content and available nitrogen content in buried drip irrigation, surface drip irrigation, pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and micro-spray plot were significantly affected. The contents of available phosphorus and potassium were higher than those of non-irrigated plots, and the above index values of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation were higher than those of non-irrigated plots. Water saving irrigation enhanced soil water storage capacity, improved soil nutrition conditions and improved soil microenvironment in sugarcane field. The community structure of macrofauna changed significantly under different irrigation patterns, mainly in the increase of density and diversity of macrofauna, especially in drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院;上海市环境科学研究院;广西壮族自治区水利科学研究院;
【基金】：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201301013)
【分类号】：S154

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