果园开沟施肥机设计及试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 01:16

本文选题：农业机械 + 果园开沟施肥　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：施肥是果园作业中的重要工序,适时、适量的肥料施用会促进果树生长,提高果品产量,改善果品质量。目前我国果园施肥技术主要包括水肥一体化技术和机械开沟施肥,随着果园面积及果品产量的不断增加,果园生产管理的现代化发展必将成为趋势。现有的果园施肥机械大多采用传统条开沟施肥,存在作业功耗大、效率低、肥料利用率低、施肥深度及位置不满足农艺要求等问题。本文设计了一种新型果园开沟施肥机,该机一次进地,能同时进行开沟、施肥作业,并且可以进行曲线开沟,兼施化肥和有机肥,能有效地解决果园开沟施肥过程中的功耗大、效率低、肥料利用率低等问题。本文主要研究内容及结论如下:(1)果园开沟施肥机整机设计在对果园施肥情况实地调研和对国内外果园开沟施肥机械深入分析的基础上,确定了机具基本结构参数;结合果园施肥农艺需求,通过多方案对比,最终确定了整机设计方案。(2)关键部件的设计设计了一种立式旋耕开沟部件和化肥有机肥兼施的施肥装置;同时为了实现曲线开沟,对伸缩臂、可伸缩联轴器、液压缸进行了设计及选型,该设计可有效解决传统条开沟施肥功耗大、工作效率低、肥料利用率低的问题;运用Creo软件对各部件进行三维造型,并完成整机虚拟装配,无干涉现象。(3)立式旋耕开沟试验装备设计及制作为了验证立式旋耕曲线开沟方式的合理性,考察开沟效果,确定立式旋耕开沟作业的最佳工作、结构参数,通过多方案比较设计了立式旋耕开沟施肥试验装置,通过EDEM软件分析了立式旋耕开沟施肥的可行性,完成试验装备的制作。(4)土槽试验利用土槽试验平台进行了立式旋耕开沟试验,结果证明:立式旋耕曲线开沟方式合理,作业后对土壤扰动小;在开沟器转速330 r/min,前进速度0.703km/h,开沟器刀片数3,旋转直径300 mm时,牵引阻力、拖拉机输出轴功耗最低,且整机开沟稳定性良好。(5)关键部件优化在土槽试验结果的基础上对整机的结构及传动系统进行了优化。
[Abstract]:Fertilization is an important process in orchard operation. In good time, proper amount of fertilizer can promote fruit growth, increase fruit yield and improve fruit quality. At present, the fertilization technology of orchard in our country mainly includes the integrated technology of water and fertilizer and the mechanized furrow fertilization. With the increasing of orchard area and fruit yield, the modernization of orchard production and management will become the trend. Most of the existing fertilization machinery in orchards use the traditional strip and ditch fertilization, which has the problems of large power consumption, low efficiency, low fertilizer utilization rate, and the depth and location of fertilization do not meet the agronomic requirements. In this paper, a new type of orchard trenching and fertilizing machine is designed. This machine can be used to open the ditch and fertilize at the same time, and it can also be used in the curve and the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, which can effectively solve the problem of high power consumption in the process of fertilizing the ditch in the orchard. Low efficiency, low fertilizer utilization rate and other problems. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the design of the whole machine of the orchard trench fertilization machine is based on the investigation of the fertilization situation in the orchard and the deep analysis of the domestic and foreign orchard trench fertilization machinery, and the basic structural parameters of the machine are determined. According to the requirement of fertilization and agronomy of orchard, through the comparison of many schemes, the key parts of the whole machine design scheme. 2) have been designed a kind of vertical rotary tillage and furrow opening part and fertilizer organic fertilizer application, meanwhile, in order to realize the curve trench opening, The design and selection of telescopic arm, telescopic coupling and hydraulic cylinder are carried out. The design can effectively solve the problems of high power consumption, low working efficiency and low fertilizer utilization rate of traditional grooving fertilization. In order to verify the rationality of the vertical rotary tillage curve, investigate the effect of trench opening, determine the best work of vertical rotary tillage and trench opening, and complete the virtual assembly of the whole machine without interference phenomenon. The design and manufacture of the vertical rotary tillage trench opening test equipment are in order to verify the rationality of the vertical rotary tillage curve opening method. The structural parameters were compared and the vertical rotary tillage and ditch fertilization test device was designed by comparison of multiple schemes. The feasibility of vertical rotary tillage and ditch fertilization was analyzed by EDEM software. The vertical rotary tillage trench test was carried out by using the soil trough test platform. The results showed that the vertical rotary tillage curve was reasonable and the soil disturbance was small after operation. When the speed of the trench is 330 r / min, the speed is 0.703 km / h, the blade number is 3 and the diameter of rotation is 300 mm, the traction resistance and the power consumption of the tractor output shaft are the lowest. The structure and transmission system of the whole machine are optimized on the basis of the test results of soil groove.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224.2

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