1960—2010年延河水沙特征及其对退耕工程的潜在响应
发布时间:2018-04-26 02:13
本文选题:河流水沙特征 + 降水 ; 参考:《中国水土保持科学》2017年01期
【摘要】:河流水沙特征与流域降水量和下垫面变化密切相关。为揭示流域降雨以及退耕还林对延河流域水沙特征的影响,本文以延河甘谷驿站控制区1960—2010年流域降水量、河流径流量和输沙量实测数据为基础,统计分析了延河水沙变化特征及其对流域降水量的响应,并对比分析了退耕前、后(以2002年为界)延河水沙变化。结果表明:在1960—2010年间,延河甘谷驿站控制区年及汛期(6—9月)降水量、径流量和输沙量呈波动递减趋势,汛期降水量、径流量和输沙量值约占年值的64.8%、71.7%和98.1%;年及汛期输沙量与径流量呈极显著正相关关系,径流量变化可分别解释年及汛期87.6%和92.2%的输沙量变化,降水量变化可分别解释年及汛期22.7%和23.6%的输沙量变化;退耕后流域年及汛期平均输沙量、径流量和径流系数显著低于退耕前,剔除退耕前后降水量差异影响,退耕工程对年及汛期累计输沙量变化分别贡献87.5%和86.9%,对年及汛期累计径流量变化分别贡献77.4%和75.4%。研究阐明退耕可显著降低年及汛期平均径流量、径流系数和输沙量。
[Abstract]:The characteristics of river water and sediment are closely related to the precipitation and the change of underlying surface. In order to reveal the effect of rainfall and returning cropland to forest on the characteristics of water and sediment in Yanhe river basin, this paper bases on the measured data of precipitation, river runoff and sediment transport in Yanhe Ganyi station control area from 1960 to 2010. The characteristics of sediment variation in Yanhe River and its response to precipitation in the basin are analyzed statistically and the changes of sediment in Yanhe River before and after the conversion of farmland are compared and analyzed (with 2002 as the boundary). The results show that during the period of 1960-2010, the precipitation, runoff and sediment discharge in the control area of Gangu post station in Yanhe River and in June to September of flood season show the trend of fluctuation and decreasing, and the precipitation in flood season. The runoff and sediment discharge value account for 64.81.7% and 98.1% of the annual value, and the annual and flood season sediment discharge has a very significant positive correlation with the runoff, and the variation of runoff can explain the change of annual and flood season sediment discharge by 87.6% and 92.2%, respectively. The change of precipitation can explain 22.7% and 23.6% of sediment transport in annual and flood season respectively, the average sediment discharge, runoff and runoff coefficient of watershed after returning farmland are significantly lower than those before and after returning farmland, and the difference of precipitation before and after returning farmland is excluded. The project contributed 87.5% and 86.9% to the annual and flood season cumulative sediment discharge, and 77.4% and 75.4% to the annual and flood season cumulative runoff change, respectively. The study shows that the average runoff, runoff coefficient and sediment discharge can be significantly reduced in the year and flood season.
【作者单位】: 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所;
【基金】:国家自然科学基金“黄土区典型乡土草本植物对土壤侵蚀动力学过程的调控机理研究”(41571260)
【分类号】:S157.1
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