我国生态农业历史中利用植物辅助效应的实践

发布时间：2018-04-26 03:25

本文选题：生态农业 + 种间关系　；参考：《中国生态农业学报》2016年12期

【摘要】：我国有着悠久的生态农业历史,农、林生态系统中的植物种间关系被关注最多。种间关系主要有3种,即竞争、辅助和中性。过去,竞争关系是被研究最多的一种。近20年来,辅助关系逐渐受到重视并被引入主流生态学理论中。本文分析了这些经验记载的生态学机理,其中描述最多的是植物幼苗的遮阴以及土壤养分的改良(豆科植物固氮作用)。此外,在缓冲极端温度(夏季高温以及冬季低温)、减少杂草竞争、防止动物捕食、减少水分胁迫等方面也有少量记录。我国古代不仅有利用两种植物种间辅助效应的丰富记载,还有利用多种植物综合和复合的种间辅助关系,以及植物与动物之间的复杂关系构建生态系统的记载。特别是华南地区具有利用多种植物与动物间关系来构建基塘生态系统、复合果园生态系统、茶园生态系统等方面传统经验的记载。深入挖掘我国传统植物间辅助效应的记载,并对其进行科学研究,是生态学中非常有价值的课题。因此,本文从社会-生态记忆的角度,对古代文献中关于植物间辅助效应的记载进行梳理与分析,希望引起学界同仁对这些传统经验的重视,并在此基础上通过现代生态学的实验方法验证这些记载的真实性与适用性,为生态恢复、生态农业、现代林业及生态系统管理等提供有益的借鉴。
[Abstract]:China has a long history of ecological agriculture. There are three kinds of interspecific relationships, namely competition, auxiliary and neutral. In the past, competition was the most studied. In the past 20 years, the auxiliary relationship has been paid more and more attention and introduced into the mainstream ecology theory. In this paper, the ecological mechanism recorded by these experiences is analyzed, among which the shading of plant seedlings and the improvement of soil nutrients (legume nitrogen fixation) are described most frequently. In addition, there are a few records on buffering extreme temperature (summer high temperature and winter low temperature), reducing weed competition, preventing animals from predation, reducing water stress and so on. In ancient China, there are not only abundant records of the utilization of the two kinds of plant interspecific auxiliary effects, but also the use of the comprehensive and composite interspecific auxiliary relations of many species, as well as the complex relationship between plants and animals to construct an ecosystem. Especially in South China, there is a record of traditional experiences in the construction of the Jitang ecosystem, the compound orchard ecosystem, the tea garden ecosystem and so on by using the relationship between many species of plants and animals. It is a very valuable subject in ecology to dig deeply the records of traditional plant auxiliary effects in China and make scientific research on them. Therefore, from the perspective of social-ecological memory, this paper combs and analyzes the records of the auxiliary effects between plants in ancient literature, hoping to arouse the attention of academic colleagues to these traditional experiences. On this basis, the authenticity and applicability of these records are verified by the experimental methods of modern ecology, which provides useful reference for ecological restoration, ecological agriculture, modern forestry and ecosystem management.
【作者单位】：广东省地理空间信息技术与应用公共实验室/广州地理研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(13CZS066) 国家自然科学基金项目(41301301) 广东省科技计划(粤科规财字2014-208号) 广东省水利科技创新项目(2012-14) 广东省科学院平台环境与能力建设专项资金项目(2016GDASPT-0301)资助~~
【分类号】：S181

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