坡面植被格局对坡沟系统能量调控及水沙响应关系的影响

发布时间：2018-04-26 07:46

本文选题：坡面植被格局 + 放水冲刷　；参考：《水土保持学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：通过室内放水冲刷试验,研究在坡沟系统土壤侵蚀过程中,不同坡面植被格局对能量的调控作用及其对水沙响应关系的影响,并建立不同坡面植被格局下基于能量参数的侵蚀产沙方程,深入了解能量与侵蚀产沙之间的响应关系。结果表明:(1)相比于裸坡,在坡面有植被覆盖的情况下,径流功率大幅度降低,植被能够有效地削减径流功率,起到保护土壤的作用;在不同时刻下,不同坡面植被格局的单位水流功率在坡面较小,进入沟道后单位水流功率急剧上升,呈"N"形曲线分布,经过SPSS软件分析,坡面植被格局对单位水流功率的影响不显著(P0.05);坡面植被格局对径流能耗的变化基本没有影响,不同时刻,不同坡面植被格局下坡面上每个断面的径流能耗在1 500~2 000J保持不变,在进入沟道后径流能耗急剧上升,达到4 800J左右;(2)在坡沟系统的坡面上种植植被可以有效地起到蓄水减沙的作用,当草带位置距坡顶2m时(格局F)的蓄水效益最好,达到19.07%,当草带位置距坡顶6m时(格局B)的减沙效益高达69.02%;(3)不同坡面植被格局下坡沟系统的累积产流量与累积产沙量之间满足M=aQb的幂函数形式,而且相关系数a和b可以作为蓄水减沙效益的指示指标;(4)在不同坡面植被格局下,坡面平均输沙率与径流功率满足D=cω+d线性函数关系。
[Abstract]:The effects of different slope vegetation patterns on energy regulation and response to water and sediment during soil erosion in slope gully system were studied by indoor flushing test. The equation of erosion and sediment yield based on energy parameters was established under different slope vegetation patterns, and the response relationship between energy and erosion and sediment yield was deeply understood. The results show that compared with the bare slope, the runoff power decreases greatly when the slope is covered with vegetation, and the vegetation can effectively reduce the runoff power and play a role in protecting the soil. The unit flow power of different slope vegetation patterns is small on the slope, and the unit flow power increases sharply after entering the channel, and the unit flow power is "N" curve distribution, which is analyzed by SPSS software. The effect of vegetation pattern on unit flow power is not significant (P0.05J), and the change of runoff energy consumption is not affected by slope vegetation pattern. At different time, the energy consumption of runoff on each section of slope surface remains unchanged at 1 500 ~ 2 000 J under different vegetation pattern on slope. After entering the channel, the energy consumption of runoff increased sharply, reaching about 4 800 J / 2) planting vegetation on the slope of slope ditch system can effectively store water and reduce sediment. When the grass belt is 2 m from the top of the slope (pattern F), the benefit of water storage is the best. When the grass belt is 6 m from the top of the slope (pattern B), the benefit of sediment reduction is as high as 69.02 and 3) the power function form of M=aQb is satisfied between the cumulative runoff and the accumulated sediment yield of slope ditch system under different slope vegetation patterns. Moreover, the correlation coefficients a and b can be used as indicators of water and sediment reduction benefits. Under different slope vegetation patterns, the average sediment transport rate and runoff power on the slope satisfy the linear function of DC 蠅 d.
【作者单位】：西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;河南黄河水文勘测设计院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41330858,41471226,41601291) 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402404) 西安理工大学博士创新基金项目(310-252071505)
【分类号】：S157

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