景观指数耦合景观格局与土壤侵蚀的有效性

发布时间：2018-04-26 20:54

本文选题：景观指数 + 景观格局分析　；参考：《生态学报》2017年15期

【摘要】：景观格局分析是景观生态学中揭示景观变化及其生态效应的主要方法,而景观指数是景观格局分析中广泛使用的工具。土壤侵蚀是土壤物质在景观中的迁移和再分配过程,受地形、植被和人类活动及其空间格局的调控。运用景观格局分析揭示景观格局变化特别是土地利用/覆被格局变化对土壤侵蚀的影响是土壤侵蚀研究中应用景观生态学原理和方法的典型。在当前的研究中,斑块-廊道-基质范式下建立的景观指数对侵蚀过程的解释能力不断受到质疑,建立筛选适用的景观指数的原则和方法十分必要。以延河流域碾庄沟小流域为例,利用WATEM/SEDEM模型模拟多个年份流域侵蚀产沙和输沙量;基于土地利用/覆被数据,利用Fragstat4.2软件,计算了相应年份流域斑块、边界密度、形状、集聚与分散和斑块类型多样性4个方面的代表性景观指数。在此基础上,分析了景观指数与流域侵蚀产沙和输沙之间的关系,讨论了景观指数在土壤侵蚀研究中的有效性,在景观和斑块类型水平上分析了景观指数表达"源"、"汇"两大类景观类型的空间格局与侵蚀产沙和输沙之间的关系的一致性。结果表明:斑块-廊道-基底范式下发展的景观指数在指示景观格局的土壤侵蚀效应时存在局限。相对而言,斑块类型尺度的景观指数更能有效表达景观格局与土壤侵蚀的关系。基于景观类型在土壤侵蚀过程中的"源"、"汇"功能,提出了在土壤侵蚀研究中筛选适用的景观指数的原则:(1)对"源"、"汇"两类景观类型,景观指数与土壤侵蚀状况表征变量的相关系数符号相反;(2)对同为"源"或"汇"景观类型的多个景观类型,景观指数与土壤侵蚀表征变量的相关系数应具有符号一致性。尽管景观指数在斑块类型水平上具有一定的有效性,但用其预测景观格局变化的侵蚀效应有很大的不确定性。因此,基于土壤侵蚀过程与景观格局的作用机制发展新型的景观指数是增强景观格局分析预测土壤侵蚀过程的能力的途径。
[Abstract]:Landscape pattern analysis is the main method to reveal landscape change and its ecological effect in landscape ecology, and landscape index is a widely used tool in landscape pattern analysis. Soil erosion is a process of soil material migration and redistribution in the landscape, which is regulated by topography, vegetation, human activities and their spatial patterns. Using landscape pattern analysis to reveal the influence of landscape pattern change, especially land use / cover pattern change, on soil erosion is a typical example of landscape ecological principles and methods in soil erosion research. In the current research, the interpretation ability of landscape index based on patch, corridor and matrix paradigm to the erosion process has been constantly questioned, so it is necessary to establish the principles and methods of selecting suitable landscape index. Based on the land use / cover data and Fragstat4.2 software, the patch, boundary density and shape of the watershed in Yanhe River Basin were calculated by using WATEM/SEDEM model to simulate erosion sediment yield and sediment transport in several years, based on the land use / cover data and Fragstat4.2 software, a small watershed in Yanhe River Basin was used to simulate the erosion and sediment yield and sediment transport in several years. The representative landscape index in four aspects of agglomeration and dispersion and diversity of patch types. On this basis, the relationship between landscape index and erosion, sediment yield and sediment transport in watershed is analyzed, and the effectiveness of landscape index in soil erosion research is discussed. The relationship between the spatial pattern of landscape index expression "source" and "sink" and the relationship between erosion, sediment yield and sediment transport were analyzed at the level of landscape and patch types. The results showed that the landscape indices developed under the patch-corridor-basement paradigm were limited in indicating the soil erosion effects of landscape patterns. Relatively speaking, the landscape index of patch type scale can express the relationship between landscape pattern and soil erosion more effectively. Based on the function of "source" and "sink" of landscape type in soil erosion process, the principle of selecting suitable landscape index in soil erosion research is put forward. The correlation coefficient symbol of landscape index and soil erosion condition is opposite to the sign of correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient between landscape index and soil erosion characteristic variable should be consistent with that of landscape type of "source" or "sink". Although landscape index is effective at patch type level, the erosion effect of landscape pattern change is uncertain. Therefore, based on the action mechanism of soil erosion process and landscape pattern, the development of new landscape index is a way to enhance the ability of landscape pattern analysis to predict soil erosion process.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(41301032);国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(41390464)
【分类号】：P901;S157.1

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