不同植被下复垦土壤腐殖质对土壤物理性质及镉的有效形态的影响

发布时间：2018-04-27 11:07

本文选题：煤矸石 + 植被恢复　；参考：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤矸石充填覆土复垦土壤结构破坏、营养贫瘠,致使肥力低下,不利于作物生长；腐殖质的形成能增加土壤中镉的有效形态,增加了作物对镉的吸收。通过调节腐殖质的数量、组成及品质来改善土壤的物理性质并同时控制土壤中镉的有效形态,进而实现土壤肥力质量和环境质量的改良。选择淮南大通煤矸石充填复垦区三种典型植被恢复模式(刺槐+丁香+草本,石楠+草本,臭椿+草本)下人工恢复7年后的土壤为研究对象,用物理、化学、仪器及多元统计分析法对0-10cm和10-20cm层土壤的物理性质、腐殖质、结合态腐殖质、镉的形态的含量差异及其相关关系进行了探讨研究。研究结果明确了改善土壤物理性质并同时控制镉的生物有效性的腐殖质组分。利用窦森等介绍的腐殖质修改法、Pallo修改法及傅积平改进法对腐殖质及结合态腐殖质进行了分级提取,并分析了其与土壤C/N的相关关系。结果表明,植被恢复使土壤有机碳的含量显著增加,并随着土壤深度的增加而减少。与全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准相比,0～10cm层、10-20cm层及原土有机碳的等级分别为三级、五级及六级水平。腐殖质处于低腐殖化程度。腐殖质的组成及品质因不同的植被搭配种植而异。在腐殖质主要积累的0-10cm层,刺槐+丁香+草本模式修复下的土壤腐殖化程度最高,而臭椿-草本模式修复下的土壤腐殖化程度最低。石楠+草本模式修复下的土壤腐殖质芳香性最低、脂族性最高。土壤C/N与腐殖质及结合态腐殖质的各组分存在显著相关性。土壤C/N与富里酸、胡敏酸、胡敏素、胡富比、胡敏酸的色调系数(ΔlogK)、不溶性胡敏素/胡敏素、松结态、紧结态、紧结态厘组碳呈显著正相关,而与胡敏酸的E4/E6、铁结合胡敏素/胡敏素、黏粒结合胡敏素/胡敏素、稳结态、重组碳呈显著负相关。利用环刀法对土壤物理性质进行分析测试,并分析了其与腐殖质及结合态腐殖质各组分的相关关系。结果表明,植被恢复对土壤的物理性质产生了显著性作用,显著降低了土壤容重而增加了总孔隙度,其中臭椿-草本模式的效果最佳。不同孔径孔隙与腐殖质及结合态腐殖质的各组分有显著相关性。非毛管孔隙度与富里酸、胡敏酸、胡敏素、不溶性胡敏素/胡敏素、松结态、紧结态、紧结态厘组碳呈显著正相关,而与铁结合胡敏素/胡敏素、黏粒结合胡敏素/胡敏素、稳结态厘组碳呈显著负相关。毛管孔隙度与胡敏酸的E4/E6、铁结合胡敏素/胡敏素、黏粒结合胡敏素/胡敏素、稳结态/重组碳呈显著正相关,而与胡敏酸、胡敏素、胡富比、胡敏酸的色调系数(ΔlogK)、不溶性胡敏素/胡敏素、松结态、紧结态、紧结态/重组碳呈显著负相关。利用Tessier逐级提取法及DTPA一步提取法对土壤中镉进行形态分析,并分析其与腐殖质及结合态腐殖质的相关关系。结果表明,不同植被没有引起土壤中镉的总量的显著性变化,但引起了其有效形态的显著性差异。可交换态、DTPA提取态镉的含量均表现为0-10cm层显著高于10-20cm层。在0-10cm层土壤中,臭椿+草本模式恢复下土壤中镉的有效形态最高,而刺槐+丁香+草本模式恢复下土壤中镉的有效形态相对最低。土壤中镉的有效形态与腐殖质及结合态腐殖质的各组分呈显著相关性。镉的有效形态(可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、DTPA提取态)与胡敏酸、胡敏素、胡敏酸的色调系数(ΔlogK)、不溶性胡敏素/胡敏素、松结态、紧结态、紧结态/重组碳呈显著正相关,而与胡敏酸的E4/E6、铁结合胡敏素/胡敏素、黏粒结合胡敏素/胡敏素、稳结态/重组碳呈显著负相关。综上所述,胡敏酸的脂族性、缩合度,铁结合、黏粒结合胡敏素的比例增加对改善复垦土壤的物理性质并能控制镉的有效形态有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The soil structure destroyed by coal gangue filling and soil reclamation, poor nutrition, low fertility and unfavorable to crop growth. The formation of humus can increase the effective form of cadmium in the soil, increase the absorption of cadmium in the crop, improve the physical properties of soil by adjusting the quantity of humus, and control the cadmium in the soil at the same time. The soil fertility quality and environmental quality were improved, and three typical vegetation restoration patterns (pseudoacacia + clove + herbs, Photinia + herbaceous, Ailanthus + herbaceous) were selected for the study of soil for 7 years, and 0-10cm and 10-20c were selected by physical, chemical, instrument and multivariate statistical analysis methods. The physical properties of soil in m layer, humus, combined humus, the difference in the content of cadmium and its correlation are discussed. The results of the study clarify the humus components to improve the physical properties of the soil and control the bioavailability of cadmium. The modification method of humus, Pallo modification method, and the improvement of Fu Jiping, as introduced by Dou Sen and so on The correlation between humus and combined humus was classified and analyzed. The results showed that the vegetation recovery made the content of soil organic carbon increased significantly and decreased with the increase of soil depth. Compared with the national second soil survey nutrient classification standards, the 0 ~ 10cm layer, 10-20cm layer and the organic soil organic matter were compared with the national second soil survey nutrient classification standards. The grade of carbon was three, five and six respectively. Humus was low humus. The composition and quality of humus were different because of different vegetation. In the main humus 0-10cm layer, the soil humification degree was the highest under the repair of Robinia pseudoacacia + clove + herb model, and the soil humus under the ailanthus herbaceous model was restored. The soil humus has the lowest aromaticity and the highest lipoid property under the repair of Photinia and herbaceous model. There is a significant correlation between the soil C/N and the components of humus and the combined humus. Soil C/N and fulvic acid, Hu Min acid, humin, Hu Fu ratio, Hu Min acid hue number (delta logK), insoluble humin / Hu Minsu, loosely nodding, tight There is a significant positive correlation between the nodal state and the tight junctions of carbon, but it has a significant negative correlation with the E4/E6, the iron binding humin / humin, the clay combined with humin / Hu Minsu, the steady state and the recombined carbon. The soil physical properties are analyzed by the ring knife method, and the correlation between the humus and the components of the humus of the combined humus is analyzed. The results show that vegetation recovery has a significant effect on the physical properties of soil, significantly reducing soil bulk density and increasing total porosity, in which the ailanthus herbaceous model has the best effect. There is a significant correlation between the different pore size pores and the components of humus and the combined humus. The non capillary porosity and fulvic acid, Hu Min acid, Hu Minsu, The carbon showed significant positive correlation with the insoluble humin / Hu Minsu, the looser state, the tight junction state and the tight junctions, but the carbon showed significant negative correlation with the iron binding humin / humin, the clay binding humin / Hu Minsu, the steady state carbon. The capillary porosity was associated with the E4/E6 of Hu Min acid, the iron binding Hu Min / humin, the sticky binding Hu min / Hu Minsu, and the stable state. The recombinant carbon showed significant positive correlation, but it was negatively correlated with Hu Min acid, Hu Minsu, Hufu ratio, Hu Min acid hue coefficient (delta logK), insoluble humin / Hu Minsu, loosening state, tight junction state, tight junction / recombinant carbon. The morphological analysis of cadmium in soil was carried out by Tessier step by step extraction and DTPA step extraction, and its humus and knot were analyzed. The results showed that different vegetation did not cause significant changes in the total amount of cadmium in the soil, but caused significant difference in its effective form. The exchangeable state, the content of DTPA extracted cadmium in the 0-10cm layer was significantly higher than that of the 10-20cm layer. In the 0-10cm layer soil, the ailanthus and herbaceous model recovered the cadmium in the soil. The effective morphology of cadmium in soil is the lowest under the restoration of locust + clove + herb model. The effective form of cadmium in soil has significant correlation with the components of humus and combined humus. The effective form of cadmium (exchangeable, carbonate bound, DTPA extraction state) and Hu Min, Hu Minsu, Hu Min acid hue Coefficient (delta logK), insoluble humin / Hu Minsu, loosening state, tight junction, tight junction / recombinant carbon showed significant positive correlation, and a significant negative correlation with Hu Min acid, iron binding humin / huminin, clay binding humin / Hu Minsu, steady state / recombinant carbon. The lipoid, condensation degree, iron binding, and adhesion of Hu Min acid to Hu Min The increase of the ratio of elements is of great significance for improving the physical properties of reclaimed soil and controlling the effective form of cadmium.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S152;S153.6

【参考文献】