辽宁省农业自然灾害救助的财政支出分析

发布时间：2018-04-27 12:01

本文选题：农业自然灾害救助 + 财政支出　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：辽宁省自然条件优越,耕地面积辽阔,一直作为我国的粮食主产区。同时近年来灾害种类多、农业自然灾害频发,突发性强,尤其2015年、2016年省内部分地区出现严重干旱,导致农业大幅减产,严重影响了辽宁省的农业经济发展、农民生活水平的提高,极大程度制约了辽宁省经济的发展和社会的建设。而此时农业自然灾害预防和救助的财政支出就显得尤为重要。与此同时,我国对于农业自然灾害的预防和财政救助的相关举措在运行中暴露出了许多问题,辽宁省除了具有共性的一些问题也存在着具有自身特征性的问题。目前我国对于农业自然灾害多采取危机式管理模式,即根据情况临时采取措施,缺乏必要的预先准备和思考,因此措施实行的有效性通常会受到影响,这种应对农业自然灾害的方式始终处于一个被动的局面。近年来随着国家对农业灾害处理的重视度提高,一些理念和对策逐渐被应用到农业自然灾害救助中并得到完善,如防灾减灾技术的创新、体系的建立和完善等,大大降低了农业自然灾害造成的损失。如何更好地完善农业自然灾害救助的相关体系,合理规划救灾财政支出进而更好地为农业提供保障已越来越被相关学者所关注,而本文也正是基于这一问题进行研究。本文共由六个部分组成:第一部分为绪论,主要内容包括研究背景、选题意义、对文章所参考的国内外文献进行综述、文章的研究内容、研究框架、采用的研究方法以及本文的创新点和不足;第二部分为相关概念界定及理论基础,相关概念界定包括自然灾害与农业自然灾害、农业自然灾害的构成,理论基础具体包括外部性理论和后备基金理论;第三部分为农业自然灾害财政救助的必要性分析,具体包括:在救灾中担当公共物品提供者的角色、是政府管理全社会的职责所在、我国灾害救助体系发展阶段所决定、自然灾害救助体系的国际经验借鉴;第四部分为辽宁省农业自然灾害救助财政支出的衡量指标和效果分析,包括通过绝对指标和相对指标对农业自然灾害救助财政支出的效果进行分析;第五部分分析辽宁省农业自然灾害救助财政支出存在的问题,主要包括:“减灾”、“备灾”组织建设相对薄弱、财政支出安排不尽合理、财政支出规模总体不足、财政支出结构不合理、救灾资金管理和使用程序不规范、灾害治理的管理体制混乱;第六部分包括结论并对如何完善规范农业自然灾害救助财政支出体系提出政策建议,分别为调整农业生产结构、实行市级与县级政府分工管理制度、建设多元化自然灾害救助资金的筹集渠道、完善规范资金管理和使用程序、加强灾害监测、应急体系的建设、建立制度化的农业灾害救助管理体系。
[Abstract]:Liaoning Province, with superior natural conditions and vast cultivated land, has always been the main grain producing area of our country. At the same time, in recent years, there have been many kinds of disasters, agricultural natural disasters are frequent and sudden, especially in 2015 and 2016 in some parts of the province there is a serious drought, leading to a large reduction in agricultural production, seriously affecting the agricultural economic development of Liaoning Province. The improvement of farmers' living standard restricts the economic development and social construction of Liaoning Province to a great extent. At this time, the agricultural natural disaster prevention and relief of the financial expenditure is particularly important. At the same time, many problems have been exposed in the operation of the prevention and financial assistance of agricultural natural disasters in China. Besides some common problems, Liaoning Province also has its own characteristics. At present, our country mostly adopts crisis management mode for agricultural natural disasters, that is, taking temporary measures according to the situation, lacking the necessary preparation and thinking, so the effectiveness of the measures is usually affected. This response to agricultural natural disasters has always been in a passive situation. In recent years, with the increase of national attention to agricultural disaster treatment, some ideas and countermeasures have been gradually applied to agricultural natural disaster relief and improved, such as the innovation of disaster prevention and mitigation technology, the establishment and improvement of the system, etc. The damage caused by natural disasters in agriculture has been greatly reduced. How to better improve the agricultural natural disaster relief system, reasonable planning of disaster relief financial expenditure and provide better protection for agriculture has been more and more concerned by relevant scholars, and this paper is based on this issue to study. This paper is composed of six parts: the first part is the introduction, the main content includes the research background, the significance of the topic, the review of the domestic and foreign literature, the research content, the research framework, The second part is the definition and theoretical basis of related concepts, including natural disasters and agricultural natural disasters, agricultural natural disasters, the composition of agricultural natural disasters. The theoretical basis includes the externality theory and the reserve fund theory. The third part is the analysis of the necessity of the agricultural natural disaster financial assistance, including the role of public goods provider in disaster relief. It is the responsibility of the government to manage the whole society, and the international experience of the natural disaster relief system is determined by the development stage of the disaster relief system in our country. The fourth part is the analysis of the measurement index and effect of the fiscal expenditure on the agricultural natural disaster relief in Liaoning Province. The fifth part analyzes the problems existing in the fiscal expenditure of agricultural natural disaster relief in Liaoning Province, including: "disaster reduction". The organization construction of "disaster preparedness" is relatively weak, the arrangement of fiscal expenditure is unreasonable, the scale of fiscal expenditure is not enough, the structure of financial expenditure is unreasonable, the management and using procedures of disaster relief funds are not standardized, and the management system of disaster management is chaotic; The sixth part includes conclusions and policy recommendations on how to perfect and standardize the financial expenditure system of agricultural natural disaster relief, respectively to adjust the agricultural production structure and implement the division of labor management system between municipal and county governments. We should build diversified channels for raising funds for natural disaster relief, perfect and standardize the procedures for the management and use of funds, strengthen disaster monitoring, build an emergency system, and establish an institutionalized management system for agricultural disaster relief.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S42;F812.8

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