施用污泥堆肥对土壤养分、作物产量的影响及其安全性评价

发布时间：2018-04-28 06:18

本文选题：污泥堆肥 + 重金属　；参考：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代城市化进程的不断加快和人口的增加,城市污泥产量也不断增加,对污泥进行堆肥化处理是目前常用的处理手段。本文以兰州市安宁区污水处理厂污泥为原料制成的污泥堆肥为实验材料,设置不同的施肥处理,针对污泥堆肥施入农田后土壤中重金属含量情况及其安全问题,通过比较连续3年施用化肥(NPK),施用有机肥(M),单施污泥堆肥(W1)和不同比例污泥堆肥与化肥配施(W2-W5)的处理下土壤和作物籽粒中Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg、As 7种重金属的积累以及作物产量的变化情况。研究结果表明:(1)施用污泥堆肥会增加土壤中重金属含量,特别是Cr、Zn含量显著增加,但是未超过国家安全标准;土壤中的重金属在土层迁移速度很慢,连续施用3年后除Cr、Zn向下移动以外,其他重金属元素都在表层累积。(2)根据连续3年施肥后土壤中7种重金属累积量估算,在最高施用污泥堆肥的处理下,本地区土壤对对Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg和As的最高承载年限分别是281年、192年、48年、370年、2857年、170年和16年。最佳施肥方案W2施肥量下本地区对Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg和As的最高承载年限分别是327年、263年、48年、729年、5045年、225年和18年。(3)施用污泥堆肥能提高土壤中全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,最高较基础土壤分别增加了19.97%、16.02%、10.31%、15.40%、32.09%,32.79%和24.61%,较CK处理分别增加了41.81%、22.05%、12.04%、19.75%、43.1%、42.11%和33.96%,可以用作化肥的替代品并且达到培肥土壤的目的。(4)施用污泥堆肥能明显提高作物的经济产量和生物产量,达到一定的增产目的,但是对提高作物的经济系数没有明显作用,污泥堆肥和化肥、传统有机肥一样都可以起到提高作物产量的作用,最高增产率达到了51%。污泥堆肥和化肥配合施用是一种合理可行的利用方式,既降低了污泥堆肥带给农田的重金属污染风险又减少了化肥的施用量,根据作物需求合理利用污泥堆肥可以达到很好的增产效果。(5)连续施用3年污泥堆肥后豌豆、蚕豆和胡麻籽粒中重金属含量均在国家标准之下,因此施用污泥堆肥对农产品质量安全没有造成影响,可以在加强监管的前提下合理利用于当地农业生产。(6)豌豆籽粒中的Pb、Zn、Cr的含量与土壤中的Pb、Zn、Cr的含量呈现极显著正相关,Hg含量与土壤中的Hg含量显著正相关;蚕豆籽粒中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Hg和As的含量与土壤中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Hg和As的含量呈现极显著正相关,Pb含量和土壤中的Pb含量呈现显著正相关;胡麻籽粒中的Pb、Zn、Hg和As的含量与土壤中的Pb、Zn、Hg和As的含量呈现极显著正相关,Cr含量与土壤中的Cr含量呈现显著正相关。
[Abstract]:With the continuous acceleration of the process of modern urbanization and the increase of population, the production of municipal sludge is increasing, and the composting treatment of sludge is a commonly used treatment method. In this paper, the sludge compost made from sewage sludge of Lanzhou Anning District is used as the experimental material, and different fertilizer treatment is set up, and the sludge composting is applied to the sludge compost. The contents of heavy metals in soil and their safety problems after 3 years of fertilization were compared, and the accumulation of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, As 7 heavy metals in soil and crop grains and crop yield changes under the treatment of 3 years of continuous fertilizer application (NPK), organic manure (M), single application sludge composting (W1) and different proportions of sludge compost and fertilizer application (W2-W5) were used. The results showed that: (1) the application of sludge composting would increase the content of heavy metals in the soil, especially Cr, Zn content increased significantly, but did not exceed the national safety standards; heavy metals in the soil migrate slowly in the soil layer. After 3 years of continuous application, except Cr and Zn downward movement, the other heavy metals are accumulated in the surface layer. (2) according to continuous 3. The cumulative amount of 7 heavy metals in the soil after annual fertilization was estimated. Under the highest application of sludge composting, the highest loading years of soil to Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and As were 281 years, 192 years, 48 years, 370 years, 170 years and 16 years. The limits are 327 years, 263 years, 48 years, 729 years, 5045 years, 225 years and 18 years. (3) the application of sludge composting can increase the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, and the highest level of soil increases by 19.97%, 16.02%, 10.31%, 15.40%, 32.09%, 32.79%, and respectively, respectively. .04%, 19.75%, 43.1%, 42.11% and 33.96% can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer and achieve the purpose of fertilizing soil. (4) the application of sludge composting can obviously improve the economic yield and biological yield of crops, and achieve a certain increase in yield, but it has no obvious effect on increasing the economic coefficient of crops, sludge composting and chemical fertilizer, traditional organic fertilizer. The effect of crop yield can be improved. The highest yield increase rate is a reasonable and feasible way to use 51%. sludge compost and chemical fertilizer. It not only reduces the risk of heavy metal pollution brought to farmland by sludge compost, but also reduces the amount of fertilizer application. (5) the content of heavy metals in pea, Vicia bean and flax seed after 3 years of continuous application of sludge compost is under national standard, so the application of sludge compost has no effect on the quality and safety of agricultural products, and can be rationally used in local agricultural production under the premise of strengthening supervision. (6) the content of Pb, Zn, Cr in pea grain and the soil in the soil The content of Pb, Zn and Cr showed significant positive correlation, and the content of Hg was positively correlated with the content of Hg in the soil, and the content of Cu, Zn, Cr, Hg and As in the grain of broad bean showed significant positive correlation with the content of Cu in the soil. The contents of Pb, Zn, Hg and As in soil are significantly positively correlated, and Cr content is positively correlated with Cr content in soil.

【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S141.4

【参考文献】