施用控释肥、碱性肥对香蕉生长发育和产量及土壤养分含量的影响

发布时间：2018-04-28 16:52

本文选题：香蕉 + 控释肥　；参考：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为深入地了解控释肥和碱性肥在香蕉栽培管理中应用的可行性,并建立适合香蕉高效生产的施肥体系,为今后香蕉高产栽培以及新型肥料的研发提供理论依据,本试验采用桂蕉6号为材料,以等量肥料养分为原则,设置四种不同施肥处理,分别为A(100%量控释肥)、B(50%量控释肥+50%量常规肥)、C(碱性肥)、CK(常规肥),进行了在不同施肥方法条件下对香蕉生长中期至孕蕾期植株形态、土壤养分含量、叶片营养元素、生理特性和产量不同效应的研究。试验结果表明:1、在农艺性状方面,相比常规施肥,施肥方法A显著提高了香蕉产量,增产11.93%,施肥方法B增产6.80%,施肥方法C减产0.45%,两者效果均不显著;施肥方法A更有利于香蕉植株生长中期和孕蕾期的生长,其中,显著提高了香蕉两个时期株高高度,分别增高:12.32%、10.68%,以及显著提高了两个时期茎粗粗度,分别增粗:17.25%、15.72%;施肥方法B、C对香蕉株高、茎粗的影响不明显;三种施肥方法对香蕉果指外观品质影响均不显著。2、在土壤养分方面,相比常规施肥,施肥方法A有效维持了香蕉生长中期(6月)土壤中速效氮、磷、钾含量,增幅分别为:123.85%、126.89%、172.68%,效果显著;有效维持了孕蕾期速效钾含量,增幅为:25.49%,效果显著。施肥方法B、C对各时期对土壤中速效养分的影响效果均不明显。3、在叶片营养元素方面,相比常规施肥,施肥方法A显著提高了香蕉生长孕蕾期叶片全氮含量,增幅为:3.50%;同时,显著提高了香蕉生长中期(6月)和孕蕾期叶片全钾含量,增幅分别为:5.89%、7.68%;施肥方法B对香蕉营养元素的影响不明显;施肥方法C显著提高了香蕉生长中期(6月)至孕蕾期叶片全氮含量,增幅分别为:9.12%、8.55%、14.76%。4、在叶片生理特性方面,相比常规施肥,施肥方法A显著提高了香蕉孕蕾期叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量,增幅分别为:3.66%、0.945%,此外,显著提高了香蕉生长中期叶片净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度,增幅分别为:19.98%、30.49%、23.10%,还显著提高了香蕉孕蕾期蒸腾速率,增幅为:16.05%。施肥方法B、C对香蕉各生理特性的影响不明显。5、在各指标与产量的相关性方面,产量与土壤速效养分、叶片全氮、叶片全钾、叶片可溶性糖、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、株高均呈显著正相关,与土壤有机质呈显著负相关,而与其他指标相关性不显著。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the feasibility of the application of controlled-release fertilizer and alkaline fertilizer in banana cultivation and management, and to establish a fertilizer system suitable for banana high-efficiency production, the theoretical basis was provided for banana high-yield cultivation and the research and development of new fertilizer in the future. In this experiment, Guizao 6 was used as the material, and the principle of equal amount of fertilizer nutrients was used to set up four different fertilization treatments. The plant morphology, soil nutrient content and leaf nutrient elements of banana from the middle growth period to the budding stage were studied under different fertilization conditions under the condition of 100% An 100% controlled release fertilizer, 50% conventional release fertilizer, and 50% conventional fertilizer, respectively. Studies on different effects of physiological characteristics and yield. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, fertilization method A significantly increased banana yield, increased yield by 11.933%, increased yield by 6.80 by fertilization method B, and decreased yield by 0.45 by fertilization method C. The results of the experiment showed that fertilization method A significantly increased banana yield, increased yield by 11.933%, increased fertilizer yield by 6.80%, and fertilization method C decreased yield by 0.45%. Fertilization method A was more favorable to the growth of banana plants in the middle growth period and the bud pregnancy stage. Among them, the height of banana plant in the two periods was significantly increased, and the height of the plant was increased by 12.32 ~ 10.68%, respectively, and the diameter of the stem was significantly increased during the two periods. The effect of different fertilization methods on banana plant height and stem diameter was not obvious; the effect of three fertilization methods on the appearance quality of banana fruit index was not significant. 2. In soil nutrient application, compared with conventional fertilization, the three fertilization methods had no significant effect on the appearance and quality of banana fruit finger. Fertilization method A effectively maintained the contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil of the middle growing period of banana (June), with the increase of 1: 123.85 and 126.890.172.68, respectively, the effect was remarkable, and the available potassium content in the bud stage of pregnancy was maintained effectively, with the increase of: 25.49 and the effect was remarkable. The effect of fertilization on available nutrients in soil was not obvious. Compared with conventional fertilization, fertilization method A significantly increased the total nitrogen content of leaves in the growing bud stage of banana, the increase was 3.50%, and the effect of fertilization on the available nutrients in the soil was not obvious. At the same time, compared with the conventional fertilization, fertilization method A significantly increased the total nitrogen content of leaves in the growing bud stage of banana. The total potassium content of banana leaves in the middle growth period (June) and the budding stage was significantly increased by 7. 68%, respectively, while the effect of fertilization method B on the nutrient elements of banana was not obvious. Fertilization method C significantly increased the total nitrogen content of banana leaves from the middle growth period (June) to the budding stage, with the increase of 9. 9. 12% and 8. 55% and 14. 76. 4, respectively. Compared with the conventional fertilization, the physiological characteristics of the leaves were higher than that of the normal fertilization. Fertilization method A significantly increased the chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content of banana leaves at the stage of bud pregnancy, and increased the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and stomatal conductance of banana leaves in the middle growth period by 1: 3.66 and 0.945, respectively. The growth rates were respectively:: 19.98, 30.49 and 23.1010, respectively. The transpiration rate of banana during bud pregnancy was also increased significantly, with an increase of: 16.05. The effect of fertilization on physiological characteristics of banana was not obvious. 5. The correlation between yield and yield, total nitrogen, total potassium, soluble sugar, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total nitrogen, leaf total potassium, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf total nitrogen, leaf total potassium, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total nitrogen, leaf total potassium, leaf soluble sugar, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. There was a significant positive correlation between intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and plant height, a significant negative correlation with soil organic matter, but no significant correlation with other indicators.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S668.1;S158

【参考文献】