施入不同土层的秸秆腐殖化特征及对玉米产量的影响

发布时间：2018-04-29 09:14

本文选题：耕作 + 秸秆还田　；参考：《应用生态学报》2017年02期

【摘要】：耕作和秸秆还田是打破犁底层、改善黑土肥力的重要措施.本研究利用田间试验,分析了耕作和秸秆还田对秸秆腐殖化系数、总有机质含量(SOC)和玉米产量的影响.结果表明:深耕+秸秆施入20~35 cm(ST+S)能够打破犁底层,与浅耕(TT)、深耕(ST)和浅耕+秸秆还田(TT+S)相比,试验6年间土壤容重平均降低了5.7%、3.3%和5.7%,其中ST和ST+S试验第一年效果最好;试验6年后秸秆腐解率表现为0~20 cm土层(72.0%)20~35 cm土层(59.2%);0~20和20~35 cm土层秸秆腐殖化系数在试验的第一年达到了最大值,分别为15.9%和12.7%;与初始土壤相比,TT、ST和ST+S处理0~20 cm土层SOC和轻组有机碳(LFOC)含量呈下降趋势,而TT+S处理分别增加了2.9%和12.4%,ST+S处理20~35 cm土层分别增加了9.2%和9.9%;对玉米产量的影响表现为ST+STT+SSTTT,耕作和秸秆还田的时间效应明显,其中ST处理玉米产量的影响可以持续3年,而ST+S处理可以持续6年.因此,通过耕作的方式将秸秆施入20~35 cm土层是一种有效的、可持续改善黑土质量的农业措施.
[Abstract]:Tillage and straw return are important measures to break the bottom of plow and improve the fertility of black soil. The effects of tillage and straw returning on straw humification coefficient, total organic matter content and maize yield were studied in this paper. The results showed that deep tillage straw could break the bottom layer of plough with 20 ~ 35 cm(ST), and the soil bulk density was decreased by 5.73.3% and 5.7% in the six years compared with that in shallow tillage, deep tillage and straw returning to the field. The first year of St and St S test had the best effect. After 6 years of experiment, the decomposition rate of straw showed that the humification coefficient of straw reached the maximum value in the first year of the experiment, in the 0 ~ (20) cm soil layer and in the soil layer of 20 ~ 20 ~ 35 cm soil layer, the humification coefficient of the straw reached the maximum value in the first year of the experiment. Compared with the initial soil, the contents of SOC and organic carbon (LFOC) in the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer treated with TTST and St S decreased, respectively. The effects of TT S treatment on corn yield were increased by 2.9% and 12.4%, respectively, and the effects of STS treatment on corn yield were increased by 9.2% and 9.9%, respectively, and the effects of ST STT SSTTT, tillage and straw return on maize yield were obvious, and the effects of St treatment on maize yield could last for 3 years. St S treatment can last 6 years. Therefore, it is an effective and sustainable agricultural measure to apply straw to the soil layer of 20 ~ 35cm by tillage.
【作者单位】：中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态院重点实验室/海伦农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41301312,41371296,41571219) 公益性行业农业科研专项(201303126,201203030) 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200309-6,2016YFD0300806-1)资助~~
【分类号】：S513;S141.4

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