东方钝绥螨对烟粉虱和朱砂叶螨的捕食、喜好性以及生命表的研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 12:14

  本文选题：东方钝绥螨 + 朱砂叶螨　； 参考：《中国农业科学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)是一种危害严重的世界性农业害虫,生物防治在其治理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。东方钝绥螨(Amblyseius orientalis)属寄螨目(Paratiformes)、革螨亚目(Gamasida)、植绥螨科(Phytoseiidae)、钝绥螨属(Amblyseius),是我国常见的植绥螨品种,过去被用作叶螨的专食性天敌。但最近的研究发现,该螨并非叶螨的专食性天敌,它还可以捕食其他的小型节肢动物害虫,比如烟粉虱。但之前的研究显示东方钝绥螨仅取食烟粉虱不利于其保持种群。在自然环境中烟粉虱常常和朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)共同发生,为明确当烟粉虱与朱砂叶螨共存时东方钝绥螨的捕食和种群动态,本研究分别进行了以下三部分试验:1)东方钝绥螨对朱砂叶螨不同虫态的捕食功能反应,2)东方钝绥螨对朱砂叶螨和烟粉虱各自不同虫态、以及两种猎物较喜好虫态之间的选择喜好性,3)分别以朱砂叶螨前若螨、烟粉虱卵为食物,同时以二者为食物时东方钝绥螨的捕食,产卵以及生命表参数。主要试验结果如下:在25±1℃,RH 80±5%,光照L:D=16:8h的条件下研究了东方钝绥螨雌成螨对朱砂叶螨三种螨态(卵、幼螨及前若螨)的捕食功能反应,其对朱砂叶螨三种螨态的功能反应均为HollingⅡ型,东方钝绥螨雌成螨对朱砂叶螨卵、幼螨和前若螨的攻击率分别为2.41、3.32和2.91;理论最大日捕食量Na分别为43.75、33.20和35.90头。在烟粉虱的各虫态中,东方钝绥螨更喜好捕食烟粉虱卵,在朱砂叶螨各虫态中,东方钝绥螨对三种螨态的捕食喜好性表现为随机性,但是对朱砂叶螨的前若螨捕食量稍大。当烟粉虱卵和朱砂叶螨前若螨共同存在时,东方钝绥螨对烟粉虱卵的捕食喜好性系数α=0.81±0.02与对朱砂叶螨前若螨的捕食喜好性系数α=0.74±0.02没有显著性差异(t=-1.940,df=201,p=0.054),表明该捕食螨对二者的捕食具有随机性。分别以朱砂叶螨前若螨、烟粉虱卵以及二者的混合猎物为食,东方钝绥螨均能完成正常的生长发育,但是单独以烟粉虱卵为食时,东方钝绥螨的发育历期较长(7.22天),比单独以朱砂叶螨或以混合猎物饲养分别长53.9%和30.0%。此外,单独以烟粉虱卵为食,东方钝绥螨的产卵量很低,内禀增长率为负,种群无法保持。以混合猎物或叶螨为食时,内禀增长率分别为0.14与0.20。由此可见当烟粉虱和朱砂叶螨共同发生时,东方钝绥螨可以维持种群的正常增殖。综上所述,东方钝绥螨可依靠朱砂叶螨保持种群正常增殖的同时达到兼治烟粉虱的目的。
[Abstract]:Whitefly Bemisia tabacii Gennadius is a serious agricultural pest in the world. Biological control plays a more and more important role in its management. Amblyseius orientalis) belongs to Paratiformesus, Gamasida, Phytoseiidaeae, Amblyseiusus, which is a common phytoseiid mite in China, and has been used as a special natural enemy of Tetranychus in the past. But recent studies have found that the mite is not a specific natural enemy of the leaf mites, but can also prey on other small arthropods, such as whitefly. But previous studies have shown that eating only Bemisia Tabaci is not conducive to maintaining the population. In the natural environment, Bemisia Tabaci often co-occurs with Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Tetranychus cinnabarinus). In order to clarify the predation and population dynamics of Bemisia Tabaci and Tetranychus cinnabarinus when they coexist with Tetranychus cinnabarinus, In this study, the following three parts of experiment were carried out respectively: 1) the predatory functional response of Acarinus oriental to different insect forms of Tetranychus cinnabarinus; (2) the different insect states of Bemisia cinnabarina and Bemisia Tabaci, respectively. The premites and whitefly eggs of Tetranychus cinnabarinus and the eggs of Bemisia Tabaci were used as food, respectively, and the predatory, spawning and life surface parameters of the two species were used as food. The main results were as follows: under the condition of 25 卤1 鈩，

本文编号：1819896