长期不同施肥下黄泥田土壤-水稻碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征

发布时间：2018-04-30 16:57

本文选题：生态化学计量学 + 黄泥田　；参考：《土壤通报》2017年01期

【摘要】：为阐明不同施肥模式下南方黄泥田土壤-水稻碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量特征,探讨C、N、P计量比对水稻N、P养分供应状况的指示意义,基于黄泥田长期施肥28年后的4个年份收获期数据,研究了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥+牛粪(NPKM)与化肥+全部稻草还田(NPKS)处理收获物水稻植株和土壤有机C、全N、全P含量及其生态化学比值。结果表明:1)与CK相比,长期不同施肥土壤有机C、全N、全P含量分别增幅11.3%~39.1%、19.3%~43.1%、34.5%~69.0%,均以NPKM处理最高。土壤有机C、全N、全P相互间均呈显著正相关,且三者与籽粒、秸秆产量均呈显著正相关;土壤全N、全P也分别与对应的植株全N、全P呈极显著正相关,土壤有机C与植株有机C呈显著负相关;2)不同处理籽粒N:P变化范围为4.99~6.29、秸秆N:P变化范围为7.28~11.76。随着外源N、P的补充,各施肥均不同程度地降低了籽粒与秸秆C:N、N:P、C:P,与NPK处理相比,NPKM与NPKS处理籽粒、秸秆的上述比值呈进一步降低趋势,NPKM降幅尤为明显;3)不同施肥模式下水稻植株N:P及C:P与土壤P素、植株产量均呈显著负相关,显示黄泥田各施肥不同程度地受到P素限制而N素供应相对丰富,这与土壤养分化学诊断结果基本一致。上述说明,土壤有机C、全N、全P总量供应水平是影响黄泥田生产力的重要指标,NPKM处理对黄泥田定向培肥效果最为明显。植株N:P与产量关系对揭示该类稻田N、P限制有较好的指示作用,即较高的植株N:P而较低的产量暗示土壤P素供应相对N素缺乏。表征黄泥田水稻P素限制的植株N:P阈值范围可能较湿地生态系统(14~16)低。
[Abstract]:In order to elucidate the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil-rice C ~ (+ C), N ~ (2 +) and P (P) in yellow mud fields in southern China under different fertilization modes, the significance of N ~ (+) N ~ (+) -N ~ (+) -N ~ (2 +) -N ~ (2 +) -P metering ratio was discussed. Based on the harvest date of 4 years after 28 years of long-term fertilization in yellow mud field, The contents of organic C, total N, total P and the ratio of ecochemistry and organic C in rice plant and soil were studied under the conditions of no fertilizer application, single application of chemical fertilizer (NPKM), fertilizer of cow dung (NPKM) and the application of chemical fertilizer to rice plant and soil organic matter (C, total N, total P). The results showed that compared with CK, the contents of organic C, total N, and total P in soil with long-term fertilization were increased by 11.3%, 39.1% and 19.33.1%, respectively, and the contents of 43.1and 34.5and 69.0%, respectively, were the highest in the treatment of NPKM. Soil organic C, total N, total P were significantly positively correlated with grain and straw yield, soil total N and total P were significantly positively correlated with plant total N and total P, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between soil organic C and plant organic C. (2) the variation range of grain N: P and straw N: P was 4.99 ~ 6.29 and 7.28 ~ 11.76 respectively. With the supplement of exogenous N ~ + P, all fertilization decreased grain and straw C _ (1) N ~ (1) N ~ (1) N ~ (-1) P ~ (-1) P, compared with NPK treatment and NPKS treatment. The above ratio of straw showed a further decreasing trend. The decrease of NPKM was especially obvious. Under different fertilization patterns, N: P and C _ (1) P of rice plants were negatively correlated with soil P content and plant yield. The results showed that the fertilization in yellow mud field was restricted by P and the supply of N was relatively abundant, which was consistent with the results of chemical diagnosis of soil nutrients. The above results indicated that the total supply level of soil organic C, total N and total P was the most important index affecting the productivity of yellow mud field. NPKM treatment had the most obvious effect on directional fertilization of yellow mud field. The relationship between N _ (1) P and the yield of plant N _ (1) P had a better indication to reveal the limitation of N _ (10) P in this kind of paddy field, that is, the higher plant N _ (1) P and the lower yield indicated that the soil P supply was relative to N ~ (2 +) deficiency. The threshold range of N: P in rice plants which indicated P restriction in yellow mud field was lower than that in wetland ecosystem.
【作者单位】：福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所;
【基金】：省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2016R1021-2;2015R1022-5) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030)资助
【分类号】：S511;S154.4

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