不同时期干旱胁迫对冬小麦籽粒品质的影响及氮肥调控

发布时间：2018-04-30 18:54

本文选题：冬小麦 + 不同生育期　；参考：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：干旱胁迫发生频率、强度逐渐增大,严重影响了小麦产量及品质的形成。本研究拟探明冬小麦在不同生育时期干旱胁迫下品质的变化特征及氮肥调控效应,以期为冬小麦抗旱调优栽培提供理论依据。本研究采用盆栽试验以扬麦16(中筋)和扬麦13(弱筋)为材料,在分蘖期、拔节期和灌浆期进行不同程度干旱处理,研究了不同生育时期干旱胁迫对冬小麦品质的影响,同时针对分蘖期、拔节期干旱胁迫处理在孕穗期增施氮肥研究氮肥对干旱胁迫逆境下小麦品质的调控效应,主要研究结果如下:1.分蘖期轻度干旱可提高弱筋小麦的产量和品质。分蘖期轻度干旱胁迫可以提高籽粒淀粉、支链淀粉含量;但会降低蛋白质、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白含量、干湿面筋及GMP含量。拔节期轻度干旱胁迫对淀粉含量和淀粉直/支比无显著影响,但降低了蛋白质、谷蛋白含量。重度干旱胁迫及灌浆期干旱胁迫均显著降低了籽粒产量。不同干旱胁迫处理淀粉粒度分布表现出品种差异,扬麦13中分蘖期干旱胁迫提高淀粉粒的平均粒径,拔节期干旱胁迫提高A-型淀粉粒体积百分比及平均粒径,灌浆期干旱提高A-型淀粉粒体积百分比及平均粒径,但降低B-、C-型体积百分比。扬麦16中灌浆期干旱提高了 A-型体积百分比,对其他淀粉粒度指标无影响。最终影响面粉的加工品质。2.花前干旱锻炼处理可以缓解籽粒淀粉、支链淀粉含量及籽粒GMP含量的降低,但蛋白质、干湿面筋含量降低,蛋白含量的降低主要与醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白的降低有关。对加工品质的影响两品种表现不同,扬麦13干旱锻炼处理糊化时间略有提高而糊化温度略有降低,对扬麦16的淀粉糊化特性指标无影响。干旱锻炼处理对淀粉粒度分布特征两品种表现不一致,对于扬麦13,干旱锻炼处理降低了 A-型淀粉粒体积百分比,降低A-、B-类型淀粉粒平均粒径,对于扬麦16无明显差异。3.干旱胁迫后增施氮肥降低籽粒淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量与直/支比,但提高了蛋白质、谷蛋白、干湿面筋含量及沉降值。拔节期干旱胁迫后增施氮肥处理增加了谷蛋白含量,并提高谷/醇比。干旱胁迫后增施氮肥对两品种的淀粉粒粒度分布影响不同,表现出品种差异。扬麦13增施氮肥提高了 A-型淀粉了体积百分比和C-型淀粉粒的平均粒径,降低了第一峰值,提高了第二峰值。扬麦16增施氮肥降低了第一峰值。综上,分蘖期轻度干旱胁迫有利于弱筋小麦(扬麦13)的高产优质栽培,花前干旱锻炼可以缓解灌浆期干旱引起的品质的降低,增施氮肥可以缓解分蘖期、拔节期干旱导致的品质的降低,分蘖期、拔节期轻度干旱胁迫并在孕穗期增施氮肥有利于中筋小麦(扬麦16)的优质高产栽培。
[Abstract]:The frequency and intensity of drought stress gradually increased, which seriously affected the formation of wheat yield and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of winter wheat quality changes and the effects of nitrogen fertilizer regulation under drought stress at different growth stages in order to provide theoretical basis for drought resistance and optimum cultivation of winter wheat. Using Yangmai 16 (medium gluten) and Yangmai 13 (weak gluten) as materials, the effects of drought stress on the quality of winter wheat at tillering stage, jointing stage and grain filling stage were studied. At the same time, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat quality under drought stress at tillering stage and jointing stage in booting stage were studied. The main results were as follows: 1. Mild drought at tillering stage could increase the yield and quality of weak gluten wheat. Mild drought stress at tillering stage could increase starch and amylopectin content, but decrease protein, gliadin, glutenin content, dry and wet gluten content and GMP content. Mild drought stress at jointing stage had no significant effect on starch content and amyloid / branch ratio, but decreased protein and glutenin content. Severe drought stress and drought stress at filling stage significantly reduced grain yield. The grain size distribution of starch in different drought stress treatments showed different varieties. In Yangmai 13 medium tillering stage, drought stress increased the average diameter of starch grains, and drought stress at jointing stage increased the volume percentage and mean diameter of A- type starch grains. During filling stage, the volume percentage and average diameter of A- type starch grain were increased by drought, but the percentage of B-C- type starch grain volume was decreased. In Yangmai 16, the percentage of A- type volume was increased by drought during filling stage, but no effect on other starch granularity indexes was observed. The final effect of flour processing quality. 2. The decrease of starch, amylopectin content and grain GMP content was alleviated by drought treatment before anthesis, but the content of protein, dry and wet gluten decreased, and the decrease of protein content was mainly related to the decrease of gliadin and glutenin. The effects on processing quality of the two varieties were different. The gelatinization time of Yangmai 13 was slightly increased and the gelatinization temperature was slightly decreased, but it had no effect on the starch gelatinization characteristics of Yangmai 16. For Yangmai 13, drought treatment decreased the A- type starch grain volume percentage, and reduced the average size of A-Pb-type starch grains, but there was no significant difference for Yangmai 16. After drought stress, the content of amylose and amylose decreased, but increased protein, glutenin, dry and wet gluten content and sedimentation value. After drought stress at jointing stage, the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the glutenin content and the ratio of grain to alcohol. After drought stress, the effect of increasing nitrogen fertilizer on the grain size distribution of starch grains of the two varieties was different, showing the variety difference. Adding nitrogen fertilizer to Yangmai 13 increased the volume percentage of A- type starch and the average particle size of C- type starch grain, decreased the first peak value and increased the second peak value. The first peak value of Yangmai 16 was decreased by increasing nitrogen fertilizer. In conclusion, mild drought stress at tillering stage was beneficial to high yield and good quality cultivation of weak gluten wheat (Yangmai 13), drought exercise before anthesis could alleviate the decrease of quality caused by drought at filling stage, and increasing nitrogen fertilizer could alleviate tillering stage. The decrease of quality caused by drought at jointing stage, the slight drought stress at tillering stage and jointing stage and the application of nitrogen fertilizer at booting stage were beneficial to the cultivation of high yield and good quality of middle gluten wheat (Yangmai 16).
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S512.11;S423

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