迁飞对草地螟生殖能力的影响及其生理机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 09:30

本文选题：草地螟 + 迁飞种群　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：草地螟Loxostege sticticalis L.(鳞翅目:螟蛾科)是一种世界性害虫,在我国东北、西北和华北地区迁飞危害农作物和牧草,建国以来的60多年中先后26年暴发成灾,给我国农牧业生产造成了重大的经济损失。迁飞是草地螟适应恶劣环境以及维持种群繁衍的主要生态对策之一,也是导致其频繁暴发成灾且造成重大经济损失的主要原因。虽然,目前国内外已经对草地螟迁飞规律以及迁飞行为的影响等做了相关研究,但是对于迁飞导致的这些变化的生理调控机制知之甚少,为了进一步明确迁飞与种群大发生的内在联系机制,本文应用昆虫生态学与生理学的原理和方法,研究了草地螟产卵同步性增加的生理特征及飞行系统与生殖系统的相互关系,取得的主要研究结果如下:1、明确了迁飞对草地螟生殖的影响:经历迁飞的种群与未经历迁飞的种群相比,成虫产卵前期、产卵历期、PFO和寿命均显著缩短;交配次数及交配率均显著增加;但平均每雌产卵量和卵孵化率无显著变化。这说明,尽管经历迁飞的草地螟种群产卵量未显著增加,但成虫到达迁入地后将很快多次交配、产卵,且产卵前期显著提前、产卵同步性显著增加,从而加剧后代种群暴发。2、明确了飞行后飞行肌和卵巢形态结构的变化:飞行后卵巢小管直径显著短于同日龄未飞行(对照)个体的卵巢小管直径,且高级卵巢所占比例显著偏低,随着飞行后时间的延长,卵巢小管直径迅速发育,在飞行后第1天达到对照水平。在飞行后第3天,高级卵巢级别比例显著高于对照个体,可溶性蛋白明显下降但仍显著高于对照;飞行后肌原纤维直径和肌节长度、两者比值都显著高于或高于对照,随着飞行后时间的延长,肌原纤维直径、肌节长度和肌原纤维体积分数都呈现“先增后减”的变化趋势,尤其在飞行后第2天可溶性蛋白、肌原纤维直径和肌节长度都显著下降。表明飞行过程一方面能暂时抑制卵巢发育,但是另一方面通过飞行后飞行肌的加速降解,促进卵巢的迅速发育,提高了种群内个体间产卵起始的整齐度,使得不同个体的卵巢在一定时间内同时成熟,最终导致产卵的同步性。3、明确了飞行后主要能源物质的变化:飞行后胸腹部糖元含量均显著低于对照,但甘油三酯含量只有腹部极显著低于对照的水平,ADP/ATP只有胸部显著高于对照。随着飞行后时间的增加,糖元、甘油三酯和ADP/ATP的变化趋势持续上升,胸腹部糖元含量在飞行后第1天恢复到对照水平,胸部糖元含量则在飞行后第3天已经显著高于对照;甘油三酯含量在飞行后第2天接近对照的水平,但之后又显著下降;胸部ADP/ATP随飞行后时间的增加显著下降,腹部ADP/ATP在飞行后第1天显著下降,随后无明显变化但仍显著低于对照,说明飞行能增加糖元的积累,提高甘油三酯的积累速度。4、明确了飞行后成虫取食量的变化:草地螟雌蛾体内荧光标记的葡萄糖(2-NBDG)含量在飞行后的6 h和12 h内显著高于对照,在之后的12-24 h内飞行的与未飞行雌蛾体内荧光标记的葡萄糖无显著差异,表明草地螟飞行能提高摄取2-NBDG的速度,增加成虫取食量。本研究表明迁飞提高了草地螟生殖不同阶段的同步性,而飞行肌的提前降解和卵巢的快速发育是其内在物质变化和能量转移的基础,其中包括糖元、甘油三酯和蛋白质的代谢情况,表现为ADP/ATP比值在不同时间的波动。另一方面成虫取食量的增加是生殖同步性增加的外源物质和能量基础,内外两条物质和能量的获得途径是迁飞后草地螟生殖同步性增加的生理基础。这些研究结果不仅为阐明迁飞在草地螟大发生中的作用及生理调控机制奠定了一定的理论基础,同时也为预测预报技术的提高和深化昆虫迁飞对生殖能力影响的认识提供了新的依据。
[Abstract]:The Loxostege sticticalis L. of the meadow borer (Lepidoptera: borer moth) is a worldwide pest. It immigrated to crops and herbage in Northeast China, northwest and North China. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the outbreak of disaster caused great economic losses in 60 years since the founding of the people's Republic. It has caused great economic losses to the production of agricultural and animal husbandry in China. One of the main ecological countermeasures of population reproduction is also the main cause of its frequent outbreak and major economic losses. Although there have been some studies on the migration law and the effect of the migratory behavior, there is little knowledge about the physiological regulation mechanism of these changes. In order to further clarify the internal linkage mechanism of migration and population occurrence, this paper applies the principles and methods of insect ecology and physiology to study the physiological characteristics of the increase of spawning synchronism and the relationship between the flight system and the reproductive system. The main research results are as follows: 1, the effect of migration on the reproduction of meadow borer is clearly defined. Compared with the migratory population, the pre oviposition period, the spawning calendar period, the PFO and the life span of the adult were significantly shortened, the number of mating and mating rates increased significantly, but the average egg production and egg hatching rate of each female had no significant changes. After entering the ground, it will be copulated many times and spawn, and the proto oviposition is significantly advanced and the spawning synchronism increases significantly, thus aggravating the outbreak of.2 in the offspring population, and the changes in the morphological structure of the flying muscles and ovaries after flying: the diameter of the ovary tubules after flying is significantly shorter than that of the ovaries of the non flying (control) individuals of the same age, and the advanced ovary is occupied. The proportion of the ovarian tubules developed rapidly and reached the control level at first days after flight. The proportion of the advanced ovarian grade was significantly higher than that of the control group at the third day after flight. The soluble protein decreased significantly but still significantly higher than the control. The ratio of the diameter of myofibrillar and the myofibrillar length after flying was both significantly higher than the control. The diameter of myofibrils, the length of the myofibrils and the volume fraction of myofibrillar volume showed a "first increase and then decrease", especially in the second day after flight, and the diameter of myofibrils and the length of the myofibrils decreased significantly, indicating that the flight process can temporarily inhibit the ovary. Development, but on the other hand, the accelerated degradation of the flying muscles after flight promotes the rapid development of the ovaries, improves the regularity of the initiation of oviposition between individuals within the population, and makes the ovaries of the different individuals mature at a certain time, eventually leading to the synchronization of the spawning.3, and the changes in the main energy material after flight: the chest and abdomen after flight. The content of glycogen was significantly lower than that of the control, but the content of triglyceride in the abdomen was significantly lower than that of the control, and the ADP/ATP only in the chest was significantly higher than that of the control. As the time of flight increased, the change trend of glycogen, triglyceride and ADP/ATP continued to rise, and the content of carbohydrate in the chest and abdomen recovered to the control level at first days after the flight, and the sugar of the chest was in the chest. The content of the element was significantly higher than that of the control at third days after flight, and the content of triglyceride was close to the control level at second days after flight, but then decreased significantly. The increase of ADP/ATP in the chest decreased significantly with the time after flight, and the ADP/ATP of the abdomen decreased significantly at first days after the flight, and there was no obvious change but still significantly lower than the control, indicating the flight energy. The accumulation of glycogen and the accumulation rate of triglycerides were increased by.4, and the change of food intake after flying: the content of fluorescence labeled glucose (2-NBDG) in the female moth of meadow borer was significantly higher than that of the control in 6 h and 12 h after flight, and there was no significant difference between the fluorescence labeled glucose in the 12-24 h and the non flying female moth. It shows that the flight of the meadow borer can increase the speed of 2-NBDG intake and increase the intake of the adult. This study shows that the migration improves the synchronism of the different stages of reproduction of the meadow borer, while the early degradation of the flying muscles and the rapid development of the ovaries are the basis of their intrinsic material changes and energy transfer, including the generation of glycogen, triglyceride and protein. On the other hand, the increase of the ADP/ATP ratio at different times. On the other hand, the increase of the intake of the adult is the exogenous substance and energy base of the increase of reproductive synchronization. The way to obtain the two substances and energy is the physiological basis for the increase of reproductive synchronization of the meadow borer after the migration. The role of large occurrence and the mechanism of physiological regulation laid a certain theoretical basis. At the same time, it also provides a new basis for the improvement of prediction technology and the understanding of the influence of insect migration to reproductive capacity.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433.4

【引证文献】