秸秆还田与旋耕对川中土壤物理性状及玉米机播质量的影响

发布时间：2018-05-01 10:01

本文选题：机播玉米 + 秸秆还田　；参考：《中国生态农业学报》2017年07期

【摘要】：为明确川中丘陵地区紫土小麦-玉米两熟种植模式下机播玉米生产适宜的秸秆还田方式与耕作方式,改善土壤的瘠薄、黏性过大等问题,提高耕层土壤的播种条件、播种质量,达到作物高产的目的,设置秸秆还田旋耕(RTS)、秸秆还田免耕(NTS)、秸秆不还田旋耕(RT)、秸秆不还田免耕(NT)4个处理,研究麦秸还田与旋耕对川中丘区紫色黏土物理性状及机播夏玉米播种质量的影响。结果表明:与秸秆不还田相比,麦秸还田显著增加了拔节期0~10 cm土层土壤毛管孔隙度和免耕处理0~10 cm全生育时期土壤含水量,显著降低出苗率、播种均匀度和幼苗整齐度等指标。与免耕相比,旋耕处理降低了0~10 cm土壤容重、含水量,增加了毛管孔隙度,出苗率提高9.9%,幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积和干重显著提高。麦秸还田条件下,旋耕处理较免耕处理0~10cm土壤容重降低2.0%~12.1%,出苗率、播种均匀度、每穴苗数、幼苗整齐度显著提高,其中出苗率增加17.9%。玉米出苗率与0~10 cm土壤含水量呈显著正相关,播种均匀度与幼苗整齐度均与0~10 cm土壤容重呈显著负相关。可见,麦秸还田下旋耕处理改善了土壤结构,增加了土壤含水量,更有利于川中丘陵地区小麦-夏玉米种植模式机播玉米质量和幼苗素质的提高。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the suitable straw return and tillage method for mechanically sowing maize under the double cropping pattern of wheat and maize in purple soil in the hilly area of central Sichuan, the problems of barren soil and excessive viscosity were improved, and the sowing conditions and sowing quality of tilling layer soil were improved. In order to achieve high yield of crops, four treatments were set up: straw returning to the field with rotary tillage, straw returning to the field without tillage, straw returning to the field without tillage, straw not returning to rotary tillage, straw not returning to the field without tillage, and straw returning to the field without tillage. The effects of wheat straw returning to field and rotary tillage on the physical properties of purple clay and sowing quality of mechanically sown summer maize in the middle of Sichuan hilly area were studied. The results showed that the soil capillary porosity of 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer at jointing stage and soil water content of 0 ~ 10 cm in no-tillage treatment were significantly increased and the emergence rate was significantly decreased compared with that without straw returning to the field. Seeding evenness and seedling uniformity. Compared with no-tillage, rotary tillage decreased soil bulk density, water content, capillary porosity, seedling emergence rate, seedling height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight. Under the condition of returning wheat straw to field, the bulk density of 0~10cm in rotary tillage treatment was lower than that in no-tillage treatment by 2.0%, seedling emergence rate, seeding evenness, number of seedlings per hole, seedling evenness per hole were increased significantly, and seedling emergence rate increased 17.9%. There was a significant positive correlation between emergence rate of maize and soil moisture content of 0 ~ 10cm, and a significant negative correlation between seeding evenness and seedling uniformity and soil bulk density of 0 ~ 10cm. It can be seen that the soil structure was improved and the soil water content was increased after wheat straw was returned to the field under rotary tillage, and the quality and seedling quality of wheat-summer maize planting mode were improved in the middle of Sichuan hilly area.
【作者单位】：四川农业大学农学院;北京顺鑫农科种业科技有限公司;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300307) 公益性行业科研专项(20150312705) 四川省科技支撑计划(2014NZ0040) 四川省玉米产业技术体系岗位专家项目资助~~
【分类号】：S152;S513

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