渍害胁迫对不同耐湿性芝麻品种生长发育和产量的影响

发布时间：2018-05-01 10:16

本文选题：芝麻 + 渍水　；参考：《西南农业学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：【目的】为研究不同生育期渍害胁迫对不同耐湿性芝麻品种生长发育的影响。【方法】在盆栽试验条件下,以郑芝13和郑98N09为研究对象,研究了初花期和盛花期不同渍水时长对芝麻农艺性状,干物质积累及产量构成的影响。【结果】(1)渍害延缓芝麻生长发育,使芝麻叶龄,叶面积指数和叶绿素含量降低,品种间差异显著,渍水时间越长,影响越大。(2)渍害抑制芝麻植株干物质的积累,使干物质向茎杆中转运比例增大,减少了向生殖器官的转运,容易形成秕籽,降低产量。(3)同一时期渍水时间越长,对芝麻产量构成的影响越大。渍水处理后,产量的降低主要是因为单株蒴数的降低引起的。不耐湿型品种郑芝13的受渍害影响程度均大于耐湿型品种郑98N09。【结论】渍害影响芝麻的正常生长发育,渍害时间越长,影响越大,耐渍性品种较普通品种在遭受渍害时生长更好。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the effects of waterlogging stress at different growth stages on the growth and development of different water-tolerant sesame varieties. [methods] in pot experiment, Zhengzhi 13 and Zheng 98N09 were used as research objects. The effects of different waterlogging periods on agronomic characters, dry matter accumulation and yield composition of sesame seeds were studied. [results] 1) the growth and development of sesame seeds were delayed by waterlogging, and the leaf age, leaf area index and chlorophyll content of sesame seeds were decreased. There were significant differences among varieties, the longer the waterlogging time, the greater the effect of waterlogging. 2) the dry matter accumulation of sesame plants was inhibited by waterlogging injury, the proportion of dry matter transported to stem was increased, the transportation to reproductive organs was reduced, and chaff seeds were easily formed. The longer the waterlogging time is, the greater the effect of waterlogging on the yield composition of sesame seeds is. After waterlogging treatment, the decrease of yield was mainly caused by the decrease of the number of capsule per plant. The intolerant variety Zheng Zhi 13 was more affected by waterlogging than the wet tolerant variety Zheng 98N09.Conclusion the waterlogging injury affects the normal growth and development of sesame seeds, and the longer the duration of soaking injury, the greater the effect. The resistant variety grew better than the common variety when it was damaged by waterlogging.
【作者单位】：河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所;河南省智慧农业工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金青年基金(31301239)
【分类号】：S42;S565.3

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