波状坡耕地工程减蚀技术设计与试验

发布时间：2018-05-01 13:17

本文选题：波状坡 + 水土流失　；参考：《水利学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：为解决波状坡耕地水土流失的治理问题,针对波状坡耕地的形态特征及其水土流失特点,设计了波状坡耕地拦挡淀排技术,并提出了相关参数计算方法。在河北省平泉县东北沟小流域布设径流小区2个(对照小区和措施小区)并观测产流产沙量。3年观测结果表明,波状坡耕地的土壤侵蚀主要是由几场强降雨引起的,拦挡淀排措施在强降雨情况下的平均减蚀率仍能达到98.37%;通过对次降雨资料分析发现次降雨量是影响波状坡耕地侵蚀的重要因子,经过拦挡淀排措施对径流的调控作用,措施小区径流量明显减少,措施小区径流量与次降雨量的相关性系数减小;按照野外径流小区的实际修建费用估算出拦挡淀排技术的公顷造价为30075元,仅为北方土石山区石坎梯田公顷造价的49.60%,具有良好的经济适用性。因此,拦挡淀排技术能够有效防治波状坡耕地水土流失,可作为一项新型坡耕地水土流失防治技术。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of controlling soil and water loss of wavy sloping farmland, the technology of blocking and retaining deposition of wavy sloping land was designed according to the morphological characteristics and soil erosion characteristics of wavy sloping land, and the calculation method of relevant parameters was put forward. Two runoff plots (control plot and measure plot) were set up in Donggou small watershed of Pingquan County, Hebei Province, and the runoff and sediment yield were observed. The results of 3 years observation show that the soil erosion of wavy sloping farmland is mainly caused by several strong rainfall. Through the analysis of rainfall data, it is found that the secondary rainfall is an important factor affecting the erosion of wavy sloping land. According to the actual construction cost of field runoff plot, the cost of blocking and drainage technology is estimated to be 30075 yuan. It is only 49.60 hectares of the cost of terraces in the northern earth-rock mountain area, which has good economic applicability. Therefore, the technology of blocking and drainage can effectively prevent and control soil and water loss of wavy sloping land, and can be used as a new technology of preventing and controlling soil and water loss of sloping land.
【作者单位】：中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;承德市水土保持科学研究所;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD31B01) 水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201201048)
【分类号】：S157

【参考文献】