喀斯特裸坡产流产沙过程试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 17:17

本文选题：喀斯特土壤侵蚀 + 二元结构　；参考：《生态学报》2017年06期

【摘要】：运用可调坡度、地下孔(裂)隙度试验钢槽装填土石模拟喀斯特裸坡,采用人工模拟降雨的方法探索了喀斯特裸坡产流产沙过程。结果表明:降雨强度、坡度和地下孔(裂)隙度对喀斯特裸坡产流产沙均有明显的影响。(1)在30、50、80mm/h降雨强度下地表产流产沙存在临界降雨强度,临界降雨强度在50—80mm/h之间,地下孔(裂)隙产流量和产沙量均随降雨强度增大呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,产流量随降雨强度变化顺序为503080mm/h,产沙量随降雨强度大小变化顺序为508030mm/h。(2)随着坡度增大,地下输沙模数减小,其大小随坡度变化的顺序为10°15°20°25°;同一降雨历程内,坡度越小,单位时间内的地下输沙模数减小量越大,其大小随坡度变化的顺序为10°15°20°25°。(3)地下孔(裂)隙度对地下产流产沙影响显著,地下孔(裂)隙度的增大使地下流失量增大。地下产流比重、产沙比重均随地下孔(裂)隙度的增大而增大,大小顺序均为1%3%5%。研究有助于深入了解喀斯特坡地土壤侵蚀机理,为喀斯特石漠化治理和生态修复提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:The process of runoff and sediment production in bare karst slope was studied by means of adjustable slope and underground hole (crack) gap test, which was used to simulate bare karst slope by filling soil and rock in steel trough. The artificial rainfall simulation method was used to explore the process of runoff and sediment production in bare slope of karst. The results show that rainfall intensity, slope and gap of underground hole (fissure) have obvious influence on runoff and sediment yield on bare slope of karst. (1) critical rainfall intensity exists in runoff and sediment yield at 30 ~ 50 ~ 80mm / h rainfall intensity, and critical rainfall intensity is between 50-80mm/h. With the increase of rainfall intensity, the runoff and sediment yield of underground pore (fissure) gap increased first and then decreased. The order of runoff and sediment yield with rainfall intensity was 503080mm / h and 508030mm / h / h, respectively. The modulus of underground sediment transport decreases, and the order of variation with the slope is 10 掳15 掳20 掳25 掳. The smaller the slope is, the greater the decrease of underground sediment transport modulus per unit time is. The order of change with slope is 10 掳15 掳20 掳25 掳路m3) the gap of underground hole (crack) has a significant effect on underground abortion and sediment yield, and the increase of porosity of underground hole (crack) increases the amount of underground loss. The specific gravity of underground runoff and sediment yield increase with the increase of the porosity of underground hole (fissure), and the order of size is 1 35%. The study is helpful to understand the soil erosion mechanism of karst sloping land and provide theoretical basis for karst rocky desertification control and ecological restoration.
【作者单位】：贵州大学林学院;贵州晟泰工程咨询有限公司;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41461057,41061029) 贵州省应用基础重大专项课题(黔科合JZ字[2014]200207) 贵州大学引进人才科研项目(贵大人基合字[2015]63号)
【分类号】：S157

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