枸杞果园对靶排肥系统设计与试验

发布时间：2018-05-03 02:00

本文选题：果园施肥 + 对靶　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：合理施肥是提高枸杞产区土壤营养的有效措施,对保证枸杞产量及质量具有重要作用,传统的枸杞果园施肥技术存在施肥效率低、劳动强度大、施肥量控制精度低、劳动力短缺等问题。本文针对上述问题,设计了一种搭载于果园条开沟施肥机的对靶排肥系统,该系统主要包括果园穴施肥精量排肥器和对靶变量施肥控制器。搭建了试验台进行了实验室试验,并使用两种果园条开沟施肥机进行了果园验证试验。本文主要完成的工作及结论如下:(1)提出了基于红外光电传感器枸杞果园双模靶标探测精量施肥方法,并设计了果园对靶施肥控制系统。针对春季催芽施肥时期和秋季催果追肥时期果树形貌特点,双模式探测方法在催芽施肥时期采用传感器探测果树树干的模式,同时排除下垂细枝对探测信号的影响;而对于秋季催果追肥时期,采用传感器探测树冠的模式,同时对树冠内部间隙与树间间隙判别、树冠间断和树冠连续三种情况进行判别。根据上述方法,设计了双模式果树中心对靶算法,使系统能够获取果树中心位置,读取排肥量档位旋钮及树冠宽度档位旋钮的设置值来指导对靶排肥操作,并具有排肥故障报警的功能。(2)提出了扇叶旋转式落肥感知方法,并设计了支持故障感知的果园穴施肥精量排肥器。利用高速摄影技术获得了不同排肥口截面积排肥下落时间,使用间歇旋转机构实现定量穴排肥,提出了扇叶旋转落肥感知方法并设计了排肥故障监测装置,进而设计了果园穴施肥精量排肥器。(3)搭建了实验室试验台,开展了落肥监测装置性能试验,试验结果表明,单次排肥故障监测装置最少感知落肥通断信号次数为2次,故障监测准确率达到100%。进行了穴排肥精度试验,试验结果表明,1~5排肥量挡位下,平均排肥量与理论排肥量最大误差为10g,最大变异系数为4.6%;平均排肥长度为20.2~40.9cm。开展了树干探测模式实验室试验,试验结果表明,在树干探测模式下,对于直径16mm的靶标,控制器可以实现100%排除,中心偏移距离最大为6.2cm。开展了树冠探测模式实验室试验,试验结果表明,在树冠探测模式下树冠间隙21cm时进行排除,排除率100%,间断树冠平均落肥偏移距离为13.1cm,连续树冠平均落肥间距误差为9.1cm。(4)系统被搭载至不同的拖拉机机型,在春、秋两时期开展了果园试验,试验结果表明,催芽追肥时期,100棵果树连续施肥时,施肥次数为97次,对靶排肥准确率为97%;;青果追肥时期,肥量挡位值设置600cm3/穴,连续施用50kg颗粒肥(容积密度0.97g/cm3)的过程中,施肥次数为95次,施肥量的准确率为90.3%。结果表明双模式探测系统能够满足枸杞园或者相似树型的果园在整个生长周期的施肥要求。
[Abstract]:Rational fertilization is an effective measure to improve soil nutrition in Lycium barbarum production area, and plays an important role in ensuring the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum. The traditional fertilization technology of Lycium barbarum orchard has low fertilization efficiency, high labor intensity and low precision of fertilization control. A shortage of labour, etc. In order to solve the above problems, this paper designs a target fertilizer drainage system which is carried in the orchard strip opener. The system mainly consists of an orchard hole fertilizer finer and a target variable fertilizer controller. The laboratory experiment was carried out on the test bench, and the orchard validation test was carried out by using two kinds of orchard strip opening and applying fertilizer machines. The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the precision fertilization method based on infrared photoelectric sensor for detecting precision of target target in Lycium barbarum orchard is put forward, and the control system of orchard to target fertilization is designed. According to the morphological characteristics of fruit trees in spring and autumn, the two-mode detection method used sensor to detect the tree trunk in the period of sprouting and fertilization, and the effect of sag twigs on the detection signal was excluded. For the period of fruit dressing in autumn, the sensor was used to detect the crown, and at the same time to distinguish the gap between the crown and the gap between the trees, the gap between the crown and the crown, and the continuity of the crown. According to the above method, a dual-mode fruit tree center targeting algorithm is designed, which enables the system to obtain the position of the fruit tree center, and to read the setting values of the shift knob and crown width knob to guide the target fertilization operation. And the function of failure alarm of fertiliser discharge. 2) this paper puts forward the method of fan-leaf rotary fertilizer drop perception, and designs a precision fertiliser for orchard hole fertilization which supports fault perception. By using high speed photography, the time of fattening and falling of cross section area of different outlet was obtained, and the quantitative hole fertilisation was realized by using intermittent rotating mechanism. The sensing method of fan leaf rotation was put forward, and the fault monitoring device of fattening was designed. Furthermore, the laboratory test bench was built and the performance test of the fertilizer drop monitoring device was carried out. The test results showed that the single failure monitoring device had the least perceptual signal number of composting on and off. The accuracy of fault monitoring is 100%. The experimental results showed that the maximum error between the average and the theoretical fertilizer discharge was 10 g, the maximum coefficient of variation was 4.6 cm, and the average length of fertilizer discharge was 20.2n 40.9 cm. The experimental results show that the controller can eliminate 100% of the diameter 16mm target in the trunk detection mode, and the maximum center offset is 6.2 cm. The laboratory experiment of crown detection mode was carried out. The results showed that the crown gap 21cm was excluded from the canopy detection mode. The removal rate is 100, the average deviation distance of the intermittent tree crown is 13.1 cm, and the average spacing error of the continuous tree crown is 9.1 cm. The system is carried out to different tractor models. The orchard experiments were carried out in spring and autumn. The results show that, In the continuous fertilization of 100 fruit trees in the period of sprouting and topdressing, the frequency of fertilization was 97 times, and the accuracy of target fertilization was 97 times, while in the period of top dressing of green fruit, the retention value of fertilizer amount was set up with 600cm3/ hole, and the application of 50kg granular fertilizer (volumetric density 0.97 g / cm 3) was 95 times in the process of continuous application of 50kg granular fertilizer (volume density 0.97 g / cm 3). The accuracy of fertilization was 90.3%. The results showed that the two-mode detection system could meet the requirement of fertilization in the whole growth cycle of Lycium barbarum orchards or similar orchards.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224.2

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