不同还田方式对砂质潮土理化性质及微生物的影响

发布时间：2018-05-03 11:26

本文选题：免耕覆盖 + 砂质潮土　；参考：《生态学报》2017年11期

【摘要】：为探索不同物料还田方式对中低产田砂质潮土的改良效果,在黄淮海平原麦玉轮作区典型砂质潮土上进行了连续6季的田间小区试验,设置全量秸秆翻耕还田(TS),秸秆等碳量的生物炭(TB)及半量秸秆半量生物炭配合翻耕还田(TSB),全量秸秆免耕覆盖还田(NTS)和半量秸秆半量生物炭配合免耕覆盖还田(NTSB),共5种还田方式。结果表明,与常规秸秆翻耕还田(TS)相比,生物炭翻耕还田(TB)显著降低土壤容重,增加玉米各个生育期土壤水分和p H值,有机质含量提升了16.4%,但TB处理的土壤大团聚体降低了21.2%和微生物数量降低了16.1%;翻耕秸秆配合生物炭还田(TSB)除了显著降低了大团聚体数量,对其余理化及微生物指标的影响均不显著;免耕模式下的秸秆还田(NTS)和秸秆生物炭配施(NTSB)分别在玉米生长的喇叭口期和收获期显著增加了土壤水分含量、耕层土壤的微生物数量和有效降低砂质潮土分形维数,对容重和有机质含量有一定的改善,其中NTSB有机质含量提升了14.9%和微生物数量增加了53.7%,对砂质潮土改良效果更好。总体来说,短期内用等碳量的生物炭替代秸秆翻耕还田更多的表现为物理的掺混效应,虽能有效提升土壤有机质含量,但不能有效改善砂质潮土的物理结构及生物性质,一半秸秆用生物炭替代还田对该类土壤的理化及微生物指标的改良效果也不显著,而免耕条件下秸秆配合生物碳还田效果最佳,可为砂质潮土的改良提供新的途径和理论依据。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the improvement effect of different material returning methods on sandy tidal soil in middle and low yield fields, a field experiment was carried out on typical sandy tidal soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain for 6 consecutive seasons. The total straw tillage was returned to the field (TSN), the carbon content (TBB) and the half amount of straw (half amount of straw and half amount of biochar), the total amount of straw and half amount of straw were returned to the field, the total amount of straw was no tillage and the whole amount of straw was returned to the field (NTSS) and the half amount of straw and half amount of biochar was combined with no-tillage to return the field to NTSBG, and there were five ways of returning to the field. The results showed that compared with conventional straw tillage, TB significantly decreased soil bulk density and increased soil moisture and pH value in all growth stages of maize. The content of organic matter increased by 16.4%, but the amount of soil macroaggregates decreased by 21.2% and the amount of microorganism decreased by 16.1in TB treatment. There was no significant effect on the other physicochemical and microbial indexes, and the soil moisture content was significantly increased at the bell mouth stage and harvest stage of maize under the no-tillage model (NTS) and biochar application (NTSBs), respectively. The amount of microorganism and the fractal dimension of sandy aquic soil were reduced effectively, the bulk density and organic matter content were improved to some extent, and the organic matter content of NTSB increased by 14.9% and the amount of microorganism increased by 53.7%, which was better for the improvement of sandy aquic soil. In general, in the short term, the physical mixing effect of replacing straw with carbon in the short term can effectively increase the content of soil organic matter, but it can not effectively improve the physical structure and biological properties of sandy aquic soil. The improvement of physicochemical and microbial indexes of this kind of soil was not significant when the straw was replaced by biochar, but the effect of straw and biological carbon was the best under no-tillage condition, which could provide a new way and theoretical basis for the improvement of sandy aquic soil.
【作者单位】：河南农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41401273,41401274) 国家“十二五”农村领域科技计划项目(2012BAD05B0207) 郑州科技创新团队项目(131PCXTD610)
【分类号】：S141.4

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