除草剂苄嘧磺隆对盐碱化沼泽芦苇生长及土壤酶活性影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 18:08

本文选题：苄嘧磺隆 + 芦苇　；参考：《湿地科学》2016年01期

【摘要】：分布于松嫩平原西部大型灌区的内陆盐碱化沼泽在农田退水的水资源利用与农业非点源污染控制中起着非常重要的作用,但是,农田退水中残留的除草剂对盐碱化沼泽的影响尚不明晰。2014年7~9月,在松嫩平原西部盐碱化沼泽集中分布区,通过大田模拟实验,研究芦苇(Phragmites australis)对稻田退水中除草剂苄嘧磺隆的生态响应特征,比较不同苄嘧磺隆浓度下湿地土壤酶活性的变化。结果表明,在不同苄嘧磺隆添加量(0.009 9 g/m2、0.019 9 g/m2和0.039 8 g/m2)处理下,7~9月芦苇株高和茎粗都未受显著抑制,且与对照处理相比,株高分别增高15.37%、13.13%和11.48%,茎粗分别增加7.7%、0.7%和11.2%;芦苇干质量波动变化;但芦苇叶片的可溶性糖含量显著降低;光合特性方面,随着苄嘧磺隆含量的增加,芦苇叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率都未显著减小,仅胞间CO2浓度在高添加量苄嘧磺隆处理下显著高于对照处理;而苄嘧磺隆对土壤各种酶活性的影响存在差异,未对土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性产生显著抑制,且在高添加量苄嘧磺隆处理下还激活了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性。在淹水深度为15 cm的实验条件下,在苄嘧磺隆添加量≤0.039 8 g/m2的处理下,盐碱沼泽中的芦苇和土壤酶活性未表现出显著的毒理风险。
[Abstract]:The inland saline-alkali swamps distributed in large irrigation areas in the western part of Songnen Plain play an important role in the utilization of water resources of farmland receding water and the control of agricultural non-point source pollution. However, The effect of residual herbicides on salinized marsh is not clear. During the period of July to September, 2014, in the concentrated distribution area of saline-alkali marsh in the west of Songnen Plain, the field simulation experiment was carried out. The ecological response of Phragmites australis to herbicide bensulfuron-methyl in paddy field was studied, and the changes of soil enzyme activity under different concentrations of bensulfuron-methyl were compared. The results showed that the plant height and stem diameter of Reed from July to September were not significantly inhibited under different bensulfuron-methyl concentrations (0.009 9 g / m 2 0.019 g/m2 and 0.039 8 g / m 2), and compared with the control treatment. The plant height was increased by 15.37% 13.13% and 11.48%, and the stem diameter increased by 7.7% and 11.2%, respectively. The variation of Reed dry mass fluctuated, but the soluble sugar content of Reed leaf decreased significantly. In photosynthetic characteristics, with the increase of bensulfuron-methyl content, the net photosynthetic rate of Reed leaves increased. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were not significantly decreased, but the concentration of intercellular CO2 was significantly higher than that of the control under high concentration of bensulfuron-methyl, but the effect of bensulfuron-methyl on soil enzyme activity was different. Soil catalase and sucrase activities were not significantly inhibited, and soil alkaline phosphatase activity was activated under high concentration of bensulfuron-methyl. Under the experimental condition of 15 cm flooding depth, under the treatment of bensulfuron-methyl less than 0.039 g/m2, the activity of Reed and soil enzyme in saline-alkali swamp showed no significant toxicological risk.
【作者单位】：吉林农业大学中药材学院;中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所;临沂大学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41101469)资助
【分类号】：S482.4;S564.2;S154.2

【参考文献】