玉米-马铃薯间作根系特征及其与坡耕地红壤径流养分流失的关系

发布时间：2018-05-05 04:17

本文选题：红壤 + 坡耕地　；参考：《水土保持学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：农作物在生长过程中其根系对土壤的固持作用可以减轻坡耕地土壤的养分流失,测定农作物根系对径流中养分流失的影响可以从侧面评价不同作物的水土保持作用。选取云南主要农作物玉米、马铃薯为研究对象,测定了不同种植模式下作物生育期内坡耕地的产流次数、径流量、土壤流失量、径流中养分流失量以及通过采用剪切箱,在农作物生育期对玉米、马铃薯单作与间作等3种种植模式下的作物根系特征进行了测定。结果表明,在常规管理条件下,与单作模式相比,间作模式具有明显减轻水土流失的作用。玉米马铃薯间作产流次数较马铃薯单作、玉米单作分别减少4次和2次;在开花期,玉米马铃薯间作处理较马铃薯单作、玉米单作处理径流量分别减少了20.49%,27.15%;成熟期玉米马铃薯间作处理较马铃薯单作、玉米单作处理土壤流失量分别减少了49.67%,40.31%;在成熟期,玉米马铃薯间作处理径流携带总磷养分流失最少,较马铃薯单作、玉米单作处理分别减少了78.06%,73.98%。成熟期玉米马铃薯间作处理的根长、根表面积、根体积与马铃薯单作、玉米单作处理的根长、根表面积、根体积达到显著水平(P0.05),间作处理较马铃薯单作、玉米单作处理根长分别增加了80.06%,73.54%。在全生育期,玉米马铃薯间作处理的根长、根表面积、根体积与径流中总氮养分流失量分别达到显著负相关和极显著负相关,说明间作种植模式下农作物根系较单作更发达,更有利于控制径流中养分流失。
[Abstract]:The soil nutrient loss of sloping farmland can be alleviated by the holding effect of crop root system on soil during the growth process. The effect of crop root system on nutrient loss in runoff can be evaluated from the side side of the soil and water conservation function of different crops. In this paper, the main crops, maize and potato in Yunnan were selected as the research objects. The runoff times, runoff, soil loss, nutrient loss in runoff, and the amount of nutrients lost in runoff were measured under different cropping patterns. The root system characteristics of maize, potato monoculture and intercropping were measured during crop growth period. The results show that the intercropping model can reduce soil and water loss obviously compared with the monoculture model under the conventional management condition. The yield of maize and potato intercropping was 4 times and 2 times less than that of potato monoculture, and at flowering stage, maize potato intercropping was better than potato monoculture. The runoff of maize monoculture decreased 20.49% and 27.15%, the soil loss of maize intercropping and maize monoculture decreased 49.67% and 40.31%, respectively. The runoff of maize and potato intercropping had the least loss of total phosphorus, which was 78.06% and 73.98% less than that of potato monoculture and maize monoculture respectively. The root length, root surface area, root volume and potato monoculture of maize intercropping at maturity stage, the root length, root surface area and root volume of maize monoculture were significantly higher than that of potato monoculture, and the root length, root surface area and root volume of maize intercropping were significantly higher than that of potato monoculture. The root length of maize monoculture increased by 80.06 and 73.54 respectively. In the whole growth period, the root length, root surface area, root volume and total nitrogen nutrient loss in runoff were significantly negative and extremely negative correlation, respectively, which indicated that the crop root system was more developed in intercropping mode than in single cropping. It is more favorable to control nutrient loss in runoff.
【作者单位】：云南农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41461059) 云南省教育厅基金项目(2013Y467) 科技创新创业行动基金项目(2016ZKX068)
【分类号】：S157;S513;S532

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