土壤养分变化对土壤酸度变化的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 08:44

  本文选题：长期施肥 + 土壤酸化　； 参考：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：通过长期不同施肥实验,研究不同施肥处理对土壤氮素、磷素和钾素的影响,土壤酸碱度与土壤氮素、磷素、钾素的之间关系。了解土壤养分变化规律及其与土壤酸度的关系,本研究以长期施肥的黑土为研究对象,研究长期施肥土壤氮磷钾含量的变化及其与土壤酸度特征的关系,探讨长期施肥导致土壤酸化的原因和机制,为合理施肥控制土壤酸化和退化提供理论依据。(1)有机物料的添加配合施肥对全氮、有机碳、NO3-和NH4+的影响显著。土壤全氮变化较大,其中添加不同量有机物料的S1和S2组中单施或配施氮肥的处理含氮量显著高于不加有机物料的处理,增幅高达42.08%,有机物料配合施肥对全氮含量影响显著。有机物料的添加配合施肥对土壤有机碳的影响显著,有机物料配合施肥使有机碳最高增加了36.42%,结果表明有机物料的添加对土壤有机碳量的影响达到显著水平。S1组和S2组以及未添加有机物的D组中,单施或配施N肥对土壤中NO3-和NH4+的含量影响显著。秸秆还田对土壤中NO3-和NH4+的含量影响显著。(2)长期不同施肥对黑土的全磷和速效磷含量影响显著,添加有机物料的S1和S2组以及不加有机物料的D组中,不同施肥间单施或配施磷肥处理的全磷和速效磷量均显著高于同组其它处理,与同组对照相比,单施配施磷肥处理全磷含量增幅最多达70.27%。不同量的有机物料的添加对土壤速效磷的含量影响极显著,而添加不同量有机物料的S2与S1组之间差异性不大,D组的不同施肥间土壤全磷和速效磷含量均显著低于添加有机物料组。添加有机物料增加了土壤全磷和速效磷的含量,秸秆还田基础下单施或配施磷肥的对全磷以及速效磷的含量影响显著。(3)长期不同施肥对钾元素含量影响显著,8个不同处理间单施或配施钾肥土壤钾素含量比同组其它处理高,不同施肥处理配合有机物料的添加对全钾以及矿物钾的含量影响不显著,对速效钾和缓效钾的影响显著,增幅最高达54.55%。秸秆还田显著影响速效钾以及缓效钾的含量,不同施肥处理配合秸秆还田对全钾以及矿物钾含量变化影响不显著,施用钾肥配合添加有机物料可显著提高速效钾和缓效钾含量,。秸秆还田后显著提高了土壤全磷和速效磷的含量。(4)根据相关性分析,土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮与土壤酸性相关性显著;有机物料的添加增加土壤中有机质含量并影响土壤中有机碳含量,进而影响了土壤交换性酸、交换性H+以及CEC的含量;土壤碳氮比与土壤酸度相关性不显著。土壤全磷对土壤酸度影响不显著,而不同处理间分析比较全磷对土壤酸度有影响,这是由于添加有机物料后有机质含量增加影响了土壤中全磷、有效磷的含量,进而影响了土壤交换性酸、交换性H+以及CEC的含量。长期不同施肥处理条件下土壤中全钾、速效钾和缓效钾与土壤交换性酸相关性显著。而添加不同量有机物料的不同形态钾与土壤酸度的分析结果表明,土壤中全钾、速效钾、缓效钾以及矿物钾对土壤酸性相关性均不显著,这是由于这可能是添加有机物料后有机质含量增加影响了土壤中不同形态钾素的含量,而有机物料的添加能够影响土壤交换性酸、交换性H+以及CEC的含量,钾对土壤酸度是间接影响。综上所述,长期不同施肥处理对养分含量影响显著,不加有机物料处理中单施或配施氮、磷、钾与对照相比氮、磷、钾含量显著增加,但添加有机物料配合施肥的土壤养分变化更显著,其中秸秆还田对土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾的含量影响最为显著。土壤全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮对土壤酸度的影响显著,有机物料的添加增加了土壤中有机质从而显著影响土壤中磷素和钾素的含量,有机物料的添加能够影响土壤酸度,因此土壤磷素和钾素与土壤酸度是间接影响。
[Abstract]:The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the relationship between soil pH and soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied by different fertilization experiments for a long time. The relationship between soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied. The study on the long-term fertilization of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was studied in this study. The change of content and its relationship with soil acidity characteristics, the reasons and mechanisms of soil acidification caused by long-term fertilization were discussed, and the theoretical basis was provided for rational fertilization to control soil acidification and degradation. (1) the effects of adding and combining organic materials on total nitrogen, organic carbon, NO3- and NH4+ were significant. The amount of nitrogen treatment in the S1 and S2 groups of organic materials was significantly higher than that of non organic materials, the increase was up to 42.08%. Organic materials combined with fertilization had significant influence on the total nitrogen content. Organic materials added and applied fertilizer to soil organic carbon significantly, organic carbon increased by 36.. 42%, the results showed that the effect of organic material addition on soil organic carbon content reached significant level in.S1 and S2 groups and in D group that did not add organic matter. The effect of single application or combination of N fertilizer on the content of NO3- and NH4+ in soil was significant. The effect of straw returning to the content of NO3- and NH4+ in soil was significant. (2) the total phosphorus of black soil and the total phosphorus of long-term different fertilization. The content of available phosphorus was significantly affected. In the S1 and S2 groups adding organic materials and in the D group without organic materials, the total phosphorus and available phosphorus content in the different fertilization and phosphate fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than those in the same group. Compared with the same group, the total phosphorus content in the treatment of single application and application of phosphate fertilizer was up to as much as 70.27%. with different amounts of organic materials. The effect of addition on the content of soil available phosphorus was very significant, but the difference between the S2 and S1 groups was not significant. The content of total phosphorus and available P in the D group was significantly lower than that in the addition of organic materials. The effect of phosphate fertilizer on the content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus was significant. (3) the effect of long-term Different Fertilization on the content of potassium was significant. The content of potassium in soil of 8 different treatments and potassium fertilizer was higher than that of the same group. The effects of different fertilizer treatments on the content of total potassium and mineral potassium were not significant, and the effect on quick effect was not significant. The effect of potassium and slow available potassium was significant, the increase of 54.55%. straw returned to field significantly affected the content of fast acting potassium and slow available potassium. Different fertilization treatments and straw returning to the field had no significant effect on the change of total potassium and mineral potassium content. The application of potash fertilizer in combination with organic materials could significantly increase the content of high speed potassium and slow available potassium, and the straw returned to field after returning to field. The content of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus was improved. (4) according to the correlation analysis, soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen have significant correlation with soil acidity; organic materials add organic matter content in soil and influence the content of organic carbon in soil, and then influence soil exchangeable acid, exchangeable H+ and CEC content; soil carbon and nitrogen. The correlation between soil acidity and soil acidity was not significant. The effects of total phosphorus on soil acidity were not significant, and the effects of total phosphorus on soil acidity were compared between different treatments. This was due to the increase of organic matter content after the addition of organic materials affected the total phosphorus and the content of available phosphorus in the soil, and then affected the exchangeability of soil, exchangeable H+ and CEC. The correlation between total potassium and soil exchangeable acid in soil was significant under different fertilizer treatment conditions for a long time. The results of the analysis of different forms of potassium and soil acidity of different organic materials with different organic materials showed that total potassium, available potassium, slow available potassium and mineral potassium were not significant to soil acidity. This is due to this The increase of organic matter content may affect the content of different forms of potassium in soil, and the addition of organic materials can affect exchangeable acid, exchangeable H+ and CEC content, and potassium has an indirect effect on soil acidity. In a word, long term different fertilizer treatments have significant influence on nutrient content, without organic materials. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased significantly in the treatment of single or combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but the soil nutrients of adding organic materials in combination with fertilizer were more significant, and the effects of straw returning to soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, effective phosphorus, available potassium and slow available potassium were the most significant. Soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were acidity to soil acidity. The addition of organic materials increased the organic matter in the soil to significantly influence the content of phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and the addition of organic materials could affect the soil acidity, so the soil phosphorus and potassium and soil acidity were indirectly affected.

【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158;S153.4
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本文编号：1851601