基于GIS的六安市耕地地力评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 12:44

本文选题：GIS + 耕地地力评价　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：耕地与人类的生活息息相关,粮食的质量、产量和农业生产的可持续性都由耕地的地力水平直接决定。六安市耕地的后备资源比较匮乏、基础设施也较为薄弱,随着经济发展的需要,还将会继续占用一定的耕地,人口增长而耕地减少,土地特别是耕地的供需矛盾将更加突出。为了更好的管理土地资源特别是耕地资源,缓解人地矛盾,更加合理科学的施肥,耕地地力评价工作势在必行。本研究以六安市为研究区域,以GIS技术及县域耕地资源管理信息系统软件(CLRMIS)和SQL分析等为平台基础,以2009-2011年六安市各县区测土配方数据为基础数据,利用GIS软件对六安市行政区划图、六安市土壤图以及六安市土地利用现状图进行叠加,通过ArcGIS普通克里金插值法、图件叠置法和"以点带面"三种方法相结合对单元赋值形成耕地资源管理单元,最大程度的保证数据赋值的精准性;运用德尔菲法选择评价指标、层次分析法确定评价因子的权重、累加法计算耕地地力综合指数,通过累积频率曲线法结合当地实际划分六安市耕地地力等级,开展了六安市耕地地力评价。根据我国第二次土壤普查时的土壤养分分级标准,六安市有机质含量整体处于中等偏低的水平,处于中等、缺乏含量水平的耕地土壤占耕地总面积分别为37.85%、54.14%,六安市耕地各土类及各利用类型有机质均处于缺乏的水平,粗骨土、黑色石灰土和紫色土及水田有机质相对较高;耕地土壤全氮含量90%处于中等及较丰的水平,黄褐土、黑色石灰土、粗骨土以及水田的全氮含量相对较高;速效钾含量也普遍较低,处于中等、缺乏含量水平的耕地土壤占耕地总面积分别为36.08%、60.23%,六安市各土类及土地利用类型速效钾水平均处于缺乏水平,砂姜黑土和黄褐土以及水浇地含量相对较高;耕地土壤有效磷的含量84%处于中等及较丰的水平,砂姜黑土、黄褐土、潮土、水稻土以及水浇地的土壤有效磷含量相对较高。六安市有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾的变异系数分别为0.33、0.41、0.57、0.46,均属于中等变异,土壤养分的变异性有效磷速效钾全氮有机质。六安市耕地地力评价采用累加法计算耕地地力综合指数,并通过累积频率曲线法结合当地实际划分耕地地力等级,将六安市耕地地力等级划分为五个等级:六安市一等地面积56115.4公顷,占耕地面积的8%,主要分布在霍邱县、金安区、裕安区,各种评价指标均相对良好,是六安市最好的农田耕地;二等地面积164977.1公顷,占耕地面积的25%,主要分布在霍邱县、寿县、金安区,地势较平坦,土层深厚,灌排条件良好,养分水平中等;三等地面积230803.3,占耕地面积的34%,主要分布在霍邱县、寿县、裕安区、金安区,表层质地适中,耕性良好,土壤养分含量多属于中等,但速效钾含量缺乏,灌溉条件较差;四等地面积159235.6,占耕地面积24%,主要分布在寿县、舒城县、裕安区、霍邱县,有障碍层次,排灌条件不好,有的有轻度水土流失,易旱易涝,同时耕层浅,产量水平低;五等地面积63115.6公顷,占耕地面积的9%,主要分布在舒城县、霍山县,排涝不畅,易受涝害,土壤养分含量低,水利设施落后,灌溉条件差易旱,可耕性差。运用GIS技术对六安市耕地地力进行调查和评价,相对传统的方法来讲,更省时、省力、精准、高效,也加快了耕地地力评价的结果应用于农业生产中,服务于农民,为农技人员指导农业生产、管理土地提供决策支持,同时为农民科学施肥提供技术支撑和指导,更好的指导耕地的高效、合理利用,为农业增效,为农民增收。
[Abstract]:The cultivated land is closely related to the human life. The quality of grain, the yield and the sustainability of the agricultural production are determined directly by the level of the cultivated land. The reserve resources of cultivated land in Lu'an are relatively scarce and the infrastructure is weak. With the need of economic development, the cultivated land will continue to occupy a certain amount of cultivated land, the population growth and the land decrease, land In particular, the contradiction between supply and demand of cultivated land will be more prominent. In order to better manage land resources, especially cultivated land resources, alleviate the contradiction between human and land, more rational and scientific fertilization, the evaluation work of cultivated land is imperative. This study takes the Lu'an city as the research area, the GIS technology and the county ploughing land resource management information system software (CLRMIS) and the SQL analysis. On the basis of the platform, based on the data of 2009-2011 years' soil testing data in Lu'an County, this paper uses the GIS software to superimpose the administrative division map of Lu'an, the soil map of Lu'an and the status map of the land use in Lu'an, and combines the ArcGIS common Kriging interpolation method, the image superposition method and the "point and the surface" to the unit. The value of arable land resources management unit is formed to ensure the accuracy of data assignment, using the Delphy Fa selection evaluation index, the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of evaluation factors, the calculation of the comprehensive index of the cultivated land force by the cumulated method, and the classification of cultivated land in Lu'an by the cumulative frequency curve method and the local practice, and the Lu'an city is carried out. According to the classification standard of soil nutrients in the second soil survey in China, the organic matter content in Lu'an is in the middle level, and the total area of cultivated land in the lack of content level is 37.85% and 54.14% respectively. The soil types and the organic matters of various types of cultivated land in Lu'an are in lack. The level, coarse soil, black calcareous soil and purple soil and paddy field organic matter are relatively high; the total nitrogen content of cultivated soil is 90% in medium and abundant level, the total nitrogen content of yellow cinnamon soil, black calcareous soil, coarse bone soil and paddy field is relatively high; the content of available potassium is also generally low, in the middle, the lack of content level of cultivated soil occupies the total arable land. The area of the soil and land use types in Lu'an is 36.08%, 60.23% respectively. The soil and land use types of available K are at a low level. The content of the black soil and the yellow cinnamon and the irrigated land is relatively high, and the content of the available phosphorus in the cultivated land is 84% at the middle and more abundant levels, and the available phosphorus in the black soil, the yellow cinnamon soil, the paddy soil, the paddy soil, and the soil of the water. The variation coefficient of organic matter, total nitrogen, effective phosphorus and quick available potassium in Lu'an city is 0.33,0.41,0.57,0.46, which are of medium variation, and the variation of soil nutrients is effective in available P available K. The comprehensive index of cultivated land force is calculated by Cumulation method and combined with cumulative frequency curve method. The local level of cultivated land is divided into five grades in Lu'an. The first class area of Lu'an is 56115.4 hectares, accounting for 8% of the cultivated land. It is mainly distributed in Huoqiu, Jinan and Yu 'an areas. All the evaluation indexes are relatively good, and the best farmland in Lu'an, and the area of two is 164977.1 hectares. 25% of the ground area is mainly distributed in Huoqiu, Shouxian County and Jinan District, with flat topography, deep soil layer, good irrigation and drainage conditions and moderate nutrient level; three equal land area is 230803.3, accounting for 34% of cultivated land, mainly in Huoqiu County, Shouxian County, Yu 'an area and Jinan District. The surface of the surface is moderate, and the soil nutrient content is medium, but the soil nutrient content is mostly medium, but quick effect Lack of potassium content, poor irrigation conditions, four equal land area of 159235.6, accounting for 24% of cultivated land, mainly in Shouxian County, Shucheng County, Yu 'an area and Huoqiu County, with barrier levels, poor drainage conditions, mild soil erosion, easy drought and waterlogging, shallow plough layer, low yield level, and five land area of 63115.6 hectares, accounting for 9% of cultivated land. In Shucheng County, Mount Holyoke County, Mount Holyoke County, the flood drainage is not smooth, the waterlogging is easy, the soil nutrient content is low, the water conservancy facilities are backward, the irrigation condition is poor and the PLOUGHABILITY is poor. The use of GIS technology to investigate and evaluate the cultivated land in Lu'an is more time-saving, precise and efficient. In the production of the industry, it serves farmers, provides decision-making support for agricultural technicians to guide agricultural production and management of land, and provides technical support and guidance for farmers' scientific fertilization. It can better guide the efficient and rational use of cultivated land, increase efficiency for agriculture, and increase income for farmers.

【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158

【参考文献】