青稞根腐病对根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-05-07 12:45

本文选题：青稞 + 根腐病　；参考：《生态学报》2017年17期

【摘要】：选取甘肃省卓尼县青稞种植区为研究地点,调查青稞根腐病的发病情况,并分别采集其健康植株和发病株根际的土壤,对比分析其土壤微生物生物量(碳、氮、磷)、微生物数量(细菌、真菌、放线菌)以及过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、纤维素酶5种酶活性。结果发现,研究区10个采样点均有青稞根腐病的发生,发病率在5%—20%之间,不同地点发病率不同。根腐病的发生,会显著影响青稞根际微生物生物量,导致微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的含量发生变化,其中微生物生物量氮和磷含量整体降低,且不同采样点微生物量不同。土壤微生物数量总体呈现细菌放线菌真菌的趋势,但不同微生物对根腐病发病的响应不同,细菌和放线菌数量因根腐病的发生而减少,真菌的数量则增多;不同采样点土壤微生物数量不相同,细菌和真菌呈现区域性特征,放线菌的数量不呈现地域性。根腐病的发生还造成土壤酶活性的改变,其中蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶的含量因根腐病的发生而降低,而纤维素酶则升高,过氧化氢酶的变化没有规律。总而言之,根腐病的发生会使青稞根际土壤微生物组成发生改变,碳、氮、磷等物质代谢受到抑制,而能量代谢发生紊乱。因此,研究和防治青稞根腐病就必须重视土壤微生物及土壤酶的作用。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the incidence of root rot of highland barley in Zhuoni County of Gansu Province, and collect the soil of healthy plants and rhizosphere of infected plants, the soil microbial biomass (carbon, nitrogen) was compared and analyzed. The activities of catalase, sucrase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and cellulase were investigated. The results showed that the root rot of highland barley was found in all 10 sampling sites in the study area, and the incidence was between 5% and 20%, and the incidence was different in different locations. The occurrence of root rot will significantly affect the rhizosphere microbial biomass of highland barley, resulting in the changes of microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content, in which the microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus content decreased, and the microbial biomass of different sampling points were different. The number of soil microbes showed the trend of bacterial actinomycetes, but the response of different microbes to root rot was different. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased with the occurrence of root rot, but the number of fungi increased. The number of soil microbes in different sampling sites is different, bacteria and fungi show regional characteristics, and the quantity of actinomycetes is not regional. The occurrence of root rot also caused the change of soil enzyme activity, in which the contents of sucrase, urease and phosphatase decreased with the occurrence of root rot, but the cellulase increased, but the change of catalase was not regular. In a word the root rot disease will change the microbial composition of highland barley rhizosphere soil and inhibit the metabolism of carbon nitrogen and phosphorus while the energy metabolism will be disturbed. Therefore, to study and control the root rot of highland barley, we must pay attention to the role of soil microbes and soil enzymes.
【作者单位】：甘肃农业大学草业学院;甘肃省农业科学院;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)计划项目(201503112)
【分类号】：S154;S435.123

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