ABR-生态沟渠处理分散养猪冲洗水研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 19:43

  本文选题：分散养猪冲洗水 + 序批式ABR　； 参考：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：养猪业是农村经济的重要组成部分,同时也带来了不可忽视的环境污染问题。由于养殖户分布零散,养殖规模较小,因此亟需开发简单经济的小型污水处理工艺。本论文采用ABR-生态沟渠组合工艺处理分散养猪冲洗水,考察了序批式ABR(以连续式ABR为对照)的启动及运行特性,优化了运行参数,研究了序批式ABR在进水周期内的污染物降解特性;以生态沟渠系统进一步处理ABR的出水,考察了多级生态沟渠的运行性能,以及进水流量、复氧效果、低温的影响。采用16 s核糖体DNA全序列分析对ABR和多级沟渠的的微生物多样性进行解析。主要研究结论如下:1.以ABR处理COD、TN和TP浓度分别为2000、225和30 mg/L左右的分散养猪冲洗水,在平均水温为12.6℃的条件下经过15d的运行,连续式ABR(装置A)和序批式(装置B)的平均COD去除率分别达到80%和68%,标志着ABR反应器启动成功。启动后,序批和连续进水ABR的COD去除率均大于60%,但前者的要小于后者。COD负荷为1.40 kg/(m3·d)时,序批ABR出水平均COD为600 mg/L大于连续ABR的350mg/L。在COD为1200~5500 mg/L、每天进水1~2次、进水时间1~2 h等条件下,序批式ABR反应器运行稳定而高效。2.序批进水ABR,COD在第一格去除率最大,且进水后其去除速度快,12 h后趋于稳定;类蛋白荧光峰的变化规律与COD的一致;有机物水解酸化主要发生在进水后4 h内,甲酸、乙酸和丙酸等小分子物质也主要在此期间生成。挥发酸含量沿程降低,碱度沿程变化较小,均在1000 mg/L以上。3.基于生物沸石强化硝化(1号和2号沟渠)和固体碳源强化反硝化(3号沟渠)的多级生态沟渠系统可以进一步净化ABR出水,使出水的平均COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP分别为204.1、62.62、101.27和6.29mg/L,符合《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001)排放标准。4.降低进水流量、促进复氧可提升强化硝化沟渠(1号和2号)出水中氧化态氮浓度。冬季运行时沟渠系统的硝化效果下降,沸石会以提高吸附平衡浓度的方式储存较多的氨氮。在外加稻秆固体碳源充足的情况下,3号沟渠对亚硝氮、硝氮的总去除率达到80%以上,总磷去除率也达到36.33%。5.装置A和装置B各格微生物群落门组成差异不明显,在温度较低、有机负荷较大等不利条件下,Firmicutes(厚壁菌门)占据优势;在温度较高条件下,Bacteroidetes的比例大幅提升,是降解有机物的主要门类。6.1号、2号沟渠基质表面微生物在门水平上类似。1号沟渠上层出现许多具有有机物去除功能的菌属;下层砖渣包含以Comamonas(丛毛单胞菌属)和Thauera(陶厄氏菌属)为代表反硝化菌属;同时沟渠底部Nitrosospira(亚硝化螺菌属)丰度较高,这也解释了1号沟渠亚硝酸盐累积的现象。低温抑制了2号沟渠沸石层硝化过程,沸石层中硝化菌属及亚硝化菌属丰度并不大;底部微生物以厌氧和兼性微生物居多,存在反硝化的可能。3号沟渠由于可降解碳源较充足,秸秆表面微生物种类相较沸石和砖渣表面更加丰富。
[Abstract]:Pig industry is an important part of rural economy, but also brings the problem of environmental pollution that can not be ignored. Because of the scattered distribution of farmers and the small scale of aquaculture, it is urgent to develop a simple and economical small wastewater treatment process. In this paper, the combined process of ABR-Eco-gully was used to treat the rinsing water of scattered pig. The start-up and operation characteristics of sequential batch ABR (as compared with continuous ABR) were investigated, and the operation parameters were optimized. The degradation characteristics of pollutants in the influent cycle of sequential batch ABR were studied, and the effects of influent flow rate, reoxygenation effect and low temperature on the operation performance of multistage ecological ditch were investigated by using ecological ditch system to further treat the effluent of ABR. The microbial diversity of ABR and multilevel canals was analyzed by 16s ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. When the concentration of COD TN and TP was about 2000225 mg/L and 30 mg/L respectively, the rinsing water of pig was treated with ABR, and the average water temperature was 12.6 鈩，

本文编号：1858216