长期不同施肥模式对双季稻田土壤养分及水稻产量的影响

发布时间：2018-05-08 04:16

本文选题：双季稻田 + 长期施肥　；参考：《华北农学报》2017年06期

【摘要】：为探明不同施肥处理对双季稻田土壤养分和水稻产量的影响,以湖南宁乡长期定位试验为平台,应用常规试验分析方法系统分析了定位长达31年5种施肥处理(化肥、秸秆还田+化肥、30%有机肥+70%化肥、60%有机肥+40%化肥和无肥)对双季稻田土壤养分和水稻产量的影响。结果显示,长期有机无机肥配施均有利于改善土壤养分含量。有机肥配施化肥处理明显增加了稻田土壤有机质含量,以60%有机肥处理增加效果为最高;30%和60%有机肥处理均有利于增加土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,与化肥和无肥处理均达显著差异(P0.05);不同处理间土壤全钾含量和p H值均无显著性差异。有机无机肥连续配施有利于增加水稻产量;早稻产量以60%和30%有机肥处理为最高,分别比无肥处理增加97.67%和95.01%;晚稻产量以秸秆还田和30%有机肥处理为最高,分别比无肥处理增加103.64%和93.97%。相关性分析结果表明,土壤有机质与土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷均具有极显著的正相关(r=0.993**,0.971**,0.950**,0.950**),与土壤速效钾具有显著的正相关(r=0.802*)。有机肥与化肥配合施用有利于培肥土壤和获得较高的水稻产量。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrients and rice yield in double cropping rice fields, taking Hunan Ningxiang long-term positioning test as a platform, the conventional test analysis method was used to systematically analyze 5 kinds of fertilization treatments (fertilizer, straw returning + fertilizer, 30% organic manure +70% fertilizer, 60% organic manure, +40% fertilizer and no fertilizer) for 31 years. The effects of soil nutrient and rice yield showed that long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer application was beneficial to improve soil nutrient content. Organic manure treatment significantly increased the content of organic matter in paddy soil, with the highest increase of 60% organic fertilizer treatment. 30% and 60% organic fertilizer were beneficial to increase soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus and alkali nitrogen. The content of available P and available K was significantly different from that of fertilizer and no fertilizer treatment (P0.05). There was no significant difference in total K content and P H value between different treatments. The continuous application of organic and inorganic fertilizer was beneficial to increase rice yield; the yield of early rice was the highest with 60% and 30% organic fertilizer treatment, which was 97.67% and 95.01% higher than that without fertilizer treatment, and the late rice yield was 97.67% and 95.01% respectively. Straw returning and 30% organic fertilizer treatment were the highest, and 103.64% and 93.97%. correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter had significant positive correlation with soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, and available phosphorus (r=0.993**, 0.971**, 0.950**, 0.950**), and had significant positive correlation with soil available potassium (r=0.802*). The combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is beneficial to soil fertility and higher rice yield.

【作者单位】：湖南生物机电职业技术学院;湖南省土壤肥料研究所;湖南省宁乡县农业局;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31571591;31201178) 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2017JJ1018;2017JJ3133) 湖南省农业科学院科技创新项目(2017GP15)
【分类号】：S158;S511.42

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