氯硝柳胺在湖滩草地中的残留动态及环境行为研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 08:38

本文选题：氯硝柳胺 + 湖滩草地　；参考：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究灭螺剂氯硝柳胺在鄱阳湖湖滩草地土壤中的残留降解动态、可能的降解中间产物,并对其自然降解规律、机理进行分析探讨。采用现场模拟施药的方式,通过场地选取和现场布置,研究阳光、降水、土质、地势等自然环境因素对氯硝柳胺迁移和自然降解的影响。采集三个连续深度的土壤样品,以甲醇为萃取剂,经超声萃取-真空抽滤-蒸发浓缩,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定土壤中的氯硝柳胺及其降解产物。对测定所得数据进行整理,绘制出土壤中氯硝柳胺母体及其降解中间体的变化趋势图。实验结果表明:氯硝柳胺在土壤中的迁移具有可逆性和反复性;雨季,降水对氯硝柳胺在湖滩草地中的迁移影响很大;枯水季,土壤含水率是氯硝柳胺进行迁移的主要限制因子;降水的冲淋可以有效去除氯硝柳胺在土壤中的残留;日光通过抑制微生物活性而制约了氯硝柳胺在土壤中的降解;生物量低的裸露沙土和缺乏水体流通的土壤环境不利于氯硝柳胺的消解;自然环境下氯硝柳胺可水解生成2-氯-4-硝基苯胺和5-氯水杨酸,5-氯水杨酸可转化生成2,5-二羟基苯甲酸,但2-氯-4-硝基苯胺难以转化为2-氯-4-硝基苯酚。
[Abstract]:The dynamics of residual degradation of niclosamide in Poyang Lake beach grassland soil and the possible degradation intermediates were studied. The natural degradation law and mechanism of niclosamide were analyzed and discussed. The effects of natural environment factors, such as sunlight, precipitation, soil quality and topography, on niclosamide migration and natural degradation were studied by site selection and site layout. Three continuous depth soil samples were collected and concentrated by ultrasonic extraction vacuum filtration evaporation with methanol as extractant. The niclosamide and its degradation products in soil were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The change trend of niclosamide matrix and its degradation intermediates in soil were plotted. The results showed that the migration of niclosamide in soil was reversible and reproducible, in rainy season, precipitation had a great influence on the migration of niclosamide in lake and beach grassland, and in dry season, Soil moisture content is the main limiting factor for niclosamide migration, precipitation leaching can effectively remove niclosamide residues in soil, sunlight restricts the degradation of niclosamide in soil by inhibiting microbial activity. Exposed sandy soil with low biomass and soil environment lacking water flow are not conducive to the digestion of niclosamide, which can hydrolyze to produce 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline and 5-chlorsalicylate 5-chlorsalicylic acid to form 2-chloro-5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. However, it is difficult to convert 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline to 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X592

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