有机肥替代和稻草覆盖对中南丘陵茶园氮磷径流损失的影响

发布时间：2018-05-09 07:25

本文选题：有机肥替代 + 稻草覆盖　；参考：《水土保持学报》2017年05期

【摘要】：在自然降雨条件下的中南丘陵茶园小区进行定点观测,比较了农民习惯施肥处理(T1)、分别以有机肥代替10%化学氮肥或磷肥(T2、T4)及有机肥代替10%化学氮肥或磷肥+覆盖稻草(T3、T5)对不同形态氮、磷养分径流流失的影响,以期为防控茶园氮磷流失从施肥和茶园管理的角度提供借鉴。结果表明:与T1相比,T2和T4径流量减少15.4%~31.5%(P0.05),T3、T5减少46.8%~52.9%(P0.01)。相同降雨条件下,相比T1,T2和T4径流损失TN分别减少42.4%(P0.05)和57.2%(P0.05),T3和T5分别降低74.7%(P0.01)和74.6%(P0.01);相比T1,T2和T4径流损失TDN分别降低18.2%(P0.05)和39.2%(P0.05),T3和T5分别降低75.6%(P0.01)和74.1%(P0.01),与T2、T4差异极显著(P0.01);NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N流失总量表现为,T2、T4与T1差异均不显著(P0.05),T3、T5分别降低61.5%~71.9%(P0.05)和78.2%~92.7%(P0.05)。与T1相比,T2和T4处理TP流失均降低,但只有T4差异达到显著水平(P0.05),而T3、T5TP损失减少达66.5%~70.6%(P0.01)。另外,氮素流失以溶解态为主(83.8%~95.1%),而磷素流失以颗粒态为主(72.7%~84.3%)。研究证明配施有机肥和覆盖稻草均能够有效减少茶园氮磷径流损失,两者结合效果更好,对降低面源污染风险意义重大,适合大面积推广。
[Abstract]:Under the natural rainfall conditions, the farmers' habitual fertilization treatment (T1) was compared. The effect of organic manure instead of 10% chemical nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer (T2, T4) and organic manure instead of 10% chemical nitrogen fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer + covering rice straw (T3, T5) on the runoff loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in different forms was discussed in order to prevent and control tea garden nitrogen. The results showed that the runoff of T2 and T4 decreased by 15.4%~31.5% (P0.05), T3, and T5 decreased 46.8%~52.9% (P0.01) compared with T1. Under the same rainfall conditions, T2 and T4 runoff losses were reduced by 42.4% and 57.2%, respectively, by 74.7% and 74.6% respectively. The loss of TDN in T2 and T4 decreased by 18.2% (P0.05) and 39.2% (P0.05), T3 and T5 were reduced by 75.6% (P0.01) and 74.1% (P0.01) respectively, and the difference between T2 and T4 was very significant (P0.01). The loss of TP decreased, but only the difference of T4 reached significant level (P0.05), while T3, T5TP loss decreased to 66.5%~70.6% (P0.01). In addition, nitrogen loss was mainly dissolved in dissolved state (83.8%~95.1%), and phosphorus loss was mainly in granular state (72.7%~84.3%). The study showed that both organic fertilizer and rice straw could effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff in tea garden. The combined effect is better, which is of great significance to reduce the risk of non-point source pollution and is suitable for popularization in large areas.

【作者单位】：湖南农业大学资源环境学院;农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室;植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室;土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC09B01) 湖南省教育平台项目(15K056)
【分类号】：S157;S571.1

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