规模猪场生物安全静态无害化处理技术方法建立及初步应用

发布时间：2018-05-09 21:05

  本文选题：生物安全静态堆肥 + 无害化处理　； 参考：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：生物安全静态无害化处理技术,即生物安全静态堆肥法是一种人工促进动物肉尸快速腐烂分解并循环利用的方法,即利用稻糠、秸秆、木屑和动物粪便等堆肥原料,充分混合发酵菌剂,将动物尸体在地面上充分掩埋覆盖,调节原料理化性质,促进堆肥嗜热微生物的迅速生长和分解代谢,进而升高堆肥温度,杀死绝大多数病原菌和病毒,降解动物组织,将染疫动物尸体无害化、腐殖化和资源化,最终撒入农田,作为有机肥料使用。研究非染疫死猪肉尸的静态堆肥无害化处理方法,是同时使用稻糠、秸秆、锯末等碳源辅料和动物粪便等氮源辅料,与死猪肉尸及其产品混合堆肥。在堆肥建造方法上,根据肉尸体积采用单层或多层建造方法。建立堆肥的主要原料为动物粪便,并添加50%碳源物质,如秸秆、稻糠、木屑等。堆肥发酵过程中,检测堆肥体系的温度,堆料的含水量、pH值和碳氮比(C/N)。开展大肠杆菌/大肠菌群数量的检测,金黄色葡萄球菌数量的检测,堆肥原发微生物数量的检测,在堆肥实验中,在每次取样时,对堆料进行大肠杆菌数量及总大肠菌群数量的检测,金黄色葡萄球菌数量的检测,堆肥原发微生物数量的检测。在50天的静态发酵过程中,温度超过50℃,并保持了14天,堆体内部70 cm深度处堆温最高达到71.4℃,连续保持55℃以上7天。堆料初始时含水率为60%,结束时堆料中的水分始终保持在60%-71%之间。堆体初始pH值为8.6,第2天达到8.9。之后,pH值则开始缓慢下降,直到第10d,pH值一直保持8.5-8.9之间。堆料总C初始值为48.4,50天时为44.7,成下降趋势。总N初始值为1.3,50天时为1.4,呈上升趋势。故C/N比下降,由37.1降至31.5。使用3M试纸计数,堆肥中的大肠菌群在堆制开始后迅速灭活,金黄色葡萄球菌在堆制过程中逐渐灭活。在堆肥的检测中,厌氧细菌存活量很高,随着堆肥的进程呈波动减少的趋势。厌氧真菌的数量在堆料升温后有减少,但随着时间推移数量在llog10 CFU/g wetwt附近波动。异养放线菌的起始数量在2个数量级之内波动。在堆肥建成以后,使堆温升高至55℃保持3天以上或升高至45℃保持7天以上,使病害微生物基本灭活。以上研究说明在堆肥建成以后,静态处理,经过一段时间后翻堆,反复直至完成堆肥发酵,可以达到堆肥腐熟利用的效果。本项目研究结果证明该技术安全、环保、经济,使用稻壳、秸秆、动物粪便等农村容易获得的廉价堆肥辅料降解死猪尸体,肉尸及其产品能够得到彻底分解,并转化成有益的绿色有机植物肥料,为本地区死猪无害化处理提供一种切实可行的方法。本研究预期成果将建立适用于大规模安全高效处理动物尸体的生物安全静态堆肥技术,为无害化处理动物尸体提供新的手段,为建立相关行业标准提供实验和理论依据。
[Abstract]:Biosafety and static composting is a method to promote the rapid decomposition and recycling of animal carcasses, that is, using compost materials such as rice bran, straw, sawdust and animal dung. The animal carcasses were fully buried and covered on the ground by mixed fermentation bacteria, which regulated the physical and chemical properties of raw materials, promoted the rapid growth and catabolism of thermophilic microbes in compost, and then raised the composting temperature and killed most of the pathogens and viruses. Degradation of animal tissue, harmless, humification and resource utilization of infected animal carcasses, and finally sprinkled into farmland for use as organic fertilizer. The method of non-infected dead pork carcass composting was studied. The compost was mixed with the dead pork carcass and its products by using the carbon auxiliary materials such as rice bran, straw, sawdust and animal manure simultaneously. In compost construction method, single or multi-layer construction method is adopted according to meat carcass. Animal manure is the main raw material for composting, and 50% carbon source, such as straw, rice bran, sawdust, etc. During composting fermentation, the temperature of compost system, the water content and pH value of the compost and the ratio of C / N to C / N were measured. The number of Escherichia coli / coliform bacteria, the quantity of Staphylococcus aureus, the quantity of primary microorganism in compost, the composting experiment, The quantity of Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria, the quantity of Staphylococcus aureus and the quantity of primary microorganism in compost were detected. During 50 days of static fermentation, the temperature was over 50 鈩，

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