华北平原小麦—玉米轮作对奶牛粪肥的消纳能力研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 08:44

本文选题：粪肥 + 安全利用　；参考：《中国农业资源与区划》2016年07期

【摘要】：奶牛粪便富含植物营养物质,制作粪肥还田对提高土壤养分、改善土壤质量、提高作物产量以及解决牛场环境污染均具有重要的意义。文章设计了空白(CK)、习惯施肥(NPK)和不同粪肥量M30、M60、M120、M240处理,开展不同施肥模式对小麦玉米产量、土壤肥力及硝态氮残留等方面的研究。研究结果表明,连续施用两年粪肥后,粪肥施用量较高的M120、M240处理小麦玉米籽粒产量、秸秆产量、土壤全氮和速效钾含量均高于NPK处理;施用粪肥均提高土壤有机质和速效磷的含量。施用粪肥与常规施肥相比,在0~200cm的土壤剖面上NO~-_3-N分布特征完全不同,施用粪肥各处理土壤NO~-_3-N除在耕层含量较高外,耕层以下含量均较低,且差异较小。0~200cm土壤剖面NO~-_3-N累积量随着粪肥的增加而增加,6月份0~200cm粪肥各处理NO~-_3-N累积量均低于NPK处理,10月份NO~-_3-N累积量M240处理高于NPK处理,表现出过量施用粪肥造成NO~-_3-N大量累积。
[Abstract]:Cow feces are rich in plant nutrients. It is very important to make manure to return to the field to improve soil nutrients, improve soil quality, increase crop yield and solve environmental pollution in cattle farms. In this paper, CK, NPK and M30M60M120M240 treatments were designed to study wheat and maize yield, soil fertility and nitrate nitrogen residue. The results showed that the wheat and maize grain yield, straw yield, soil total nitrogen and available potassium contents were higher than those of NPK treatment after two consecutive years of manure application. Manure application increased the content of organic matter and available phosphorus in soil. Compared with conventional fertilization, the distribution characteristics of NO~-_3-N in soil profile of 0~200cm were completely different. The content of NO~-_3-N in the topsoil was lower than that in the topsoil except for the higher content of NO~-_3-N in the tiller layer. The NO~-_3-N accumulation in 200cm soil profile increased with the increase of manure. In June, the NO~-_3-N accumulation of 0~200cm manure treatment was lower than that of NPK treatment in October, M240 treatment was higher than NPK treatment, which showed that excessive application of manure resulted in a large accumulation of NO~-_3-N.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部面源污染控制重点实验室;中国野生动物保护协会;
【基金】：国家科技重大专项“苕溪流域农村污染治理技术集成与规模化工程示范”(2014ZX07101-012)
【分类号】：S512.1;S513;S141

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