施用有机肥对葡萄植株Hg富集的影响

发布时间：2018-05-10 18:48

本文选题：葡萄 + 生长期　；参考：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年04期

【摘要】：【目的】以葡萄果树为研究对象,研究了不同剂量Hg胁迫下施用羊粪有机肥对不同生长期葡萄植株各部位Hg富集的影响,为利用有机肥控制葡萄Hg污染提供科学依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,每个盆钵装过5 mm筛的风干土15 kg,土壤汞含量设置0、1.5、25 mg/kg 3个处理水平,以HgCl_2固体粉末形式施入土壤,每个水平分别设置施用有机肥和不施用有机肥两种情况。供试有机肥为羊粪,并按12.5%施入土壤,混匀后放置平衡15 d,于4月8日定植葡萄苗,每盆移栽健壮无病、生长状况基本一致的植株1株,每个处理重复6次。【结果】不管施用有机肥与否,葡萄花瓣、果实、枝条和叶片中的汞含量均随土壤Hg含量的增加而明显增加,而葡萄不同部位中Hg的富集系数却呈现出显著降低的趋势,且在各部位的大小顺序为叶片花枝条果实。葡萄叶片和枝条Hg含量及其富集系数基本上表现出了幼果期最高,成熟期最低的生长期富集特征。与未施有机肥处理相比,低Hg处理施用有机肥后使开花期葡萄枝条汞含量降低了69.16%;高Hg处理施肥后使开花期、幼果期和成熟期葡萄枝条汞含量分别降低了50.52%、58.33%和48.35%,并使三个时期叶片汞含量的降低幅度比低Hg处理分别高出了26%、29.70%和37%。在土壤Hg污染下,施用有机肥的葡萄各器官汞含量均低于未施肥处理,且高Hg处理下的Hg含量降低幅度大多高于低Hg处理。不管低Hg或高Hg处理,施肥使叶片汞含量在幼果期和成熟期降低均最突出,而低Hg处理施肥使枝条汞含量在开花期降幅最高,高Hg处理在幼果期降幅最高。【结论】施用有机肥后,葡萄花、叶片、枝条和果实受Hg污染胁迫的影响明显减轻,尤其土壤Hg含量越高,有机肥的这种抑制作用越明显。
[Abstract]:[objective] to study the effect of applying sheep manure organic fertilizer on Hg enrichment of grape plants in different growing stages under different doses of Hg stress. In order to provide scientific basis for using organic fertilizer to control Hg pollution of grape. [methods] A pot experiment was carried out. The dry soil with 5 mm sieve was used in each pot. The soil mercury content was set at 3 levels of 0 ~ 1.5 ~ 25 mg/kg and applied into the soil in the form of HgCl_2 solid powder. Organic fertilizer and no organic fertilizer were set up at each level. The organic fertilizer was sheep manure and applied to the soil at 12.5%. After mixing and balancing for 15 days, the grape seedlings were planted on April 8. Each pot was transplanted with one plant that was healthy and disease-free, and the growth condition was basically the same. The mercury content in grape petals, fruits, branches and leaves increased significantly with the increase of soil Hg content, regardless of whether organic fertilizer was applied or not. However, the accumulation coefficient of Hg in different parts of grape showed a significant decrease trend, and the order of the size of the different parts was the leaves and branches of fruit. The Hg content in leaves and branches of grape and its enrichment coefficient basically showed the characteristics of the highest in young fruit stage and the lowest in mature stage. Compared with the treatment without organic fertilizer, the mercury content of grape branch decreased by 69.16g in low Hg treatment, and decreased by 69.16g in high Hg treatment, and in flowering period after high Hg treatment, the content of mercury in grape branch decreased after application of organic fertilizer at flowering stage. The mercury content of grape branches decreased by 50.52% and 48.35% in young fruit stage and mature stage respectively, and the decrease range of mercury content in leaves of three periods was 2629.70% and 37% higher than that of low Hg treatment, respectively. Under the condition of soil Hg pollution, the mercury content of all organs of grape treated with organic fertilizer was lower than that of unfertilized treatment, and the decrease of Hg content in high Hg treatment was higher than that in low Hg treatment. No matter low Hg or high Hg treatment, the decrease of Hg content in leaves was the most prominent in young fruit stage and mature stage, but the decrease of Hg content in branches was the highest in flowering stage under low Hg treatment. [conclusion] after applying organic fertilizer, the effects of Hg pollution on grape flower, leaf, branch and fruit were obviously reduced, especially the higher Hg content in soil, the more obvious the inhibition effect of organic fertilizer was.
【作者单位】：河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院河北省农田生态环境重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD15B02) 河北省教育厅项目(ZD20131013,ZH2012034)资助
【分类号】：S141;S663.1

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