沼肥采运车储罐设计与吸排系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 22:39

本文选题：沼液沼渣 + 沼肥采运车　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国沼气工业的不断发展,沼液沼渣的处理和利用成为人们亟待面对和解决的迫切问题,实践表明,沼液沼渣是优质的有机肥和生物农药,但由于国内缺乏液态沼肥的机械化施肥技术和装备,目前现有的机械也仅停留在功能上的实现,未有成形的研究方案和研究方法。本课题来源于“十二五”国家科技支撑计划资助项目“寒冷地区干湿耦合发酵气、热、电联供技术集成与示范”(课题编号:2011BAD15B04)。本文的研究目的是设计出用于存储沼肥并能安全运输的储罐系统,同时研制出气力吸排系统使其在功能上实现沼肥的吸入和排放,为研制出集采集、运输、均匀性施肥功能为一体的沼肥采运车,提供可行的理论支持和技术模式。论文基于全面系统的研究路线,在遵循理论分析与虚拟软件仿真相结合的原则下,就沼肥采运车的储罐和吸排系统做了深入系统的研究。(1)通过理论分析确定储罐系统的设计参数以及核心零部件的选型设计,使用CATIA软件进行虚拟样机三维建模的构建,应用流体软件FLUENT中的VOF多相流模型对采运车紧急制动时不同充料比下罐体内沼肥晃动进行晃动分析和数值模拟,使用CATIA有限元分析模块对储罐系统进行工程分析,并依据计算结果调整储罐系统设计并优化其结构。运用相似理论量纲分析法确定储罐模型的几何尺寸及试验参数,模型试验中前防浪板迎峰面所受的冲击力计算值与原型中的数值模拟值存在近似1:64的比例关系,模型试验结果可推广至原型。(2)设计出气力吸排系统使其在功能上实现沼肥的吸入和均匀排放。应用流体力学知识对沼肥的吸入和排放进行了理论计算,得到了吸入作业时储罐内的真空度和均匀性施肥的压力方程。依据理论分析得到储罐系统在均匀施肥过程中的总耗气量和单位时间最大耗气量,根据施肥过程中储罐耗气量确定真空泵及气力吸排系统中其他核心零部件的选型及设计。(3)针对沼肥采运车在田间施肥过程中因出肥口处压力不稳定,导致施肥不均匀的问题,设计了以PLC为控制单元以电磁阀为执行部件的均匀性施肥控制系统。变压力施肥控制系统硬件设计包括PLC的资源配置、A/D输入模块和传感器的选型;软件部分使用GX Developer编写出施肥系统均匀性施肥的控制程序,使用GX Simulator对控制程序进行了仿真和调试,并依据调试结果对程序进行了优化。研究结果表明储罐系统的设计可有效解决沼肥的存储和安全运输,自动化程度较高的气力吸排系统可方便快捷的进行沼肥的吸入和排放作业,基于PLC的变压力施肥控制系统精确调控储罐出肥口处压力的随动性,达到均匀性施肥作业要求。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of biogas industry in China, the treatment and utilization of biogas residue has become an urgent problem that people need to face and solve urgently. The practice shows that biogas residue is high quality organic fertilizer and biological pesticide. However, due to the lack of mechanized fertilization technology and equipment of liquid biogas fertilizer in China, the existing machinery is only in the realization of function, and there is no formal research scheme and research method. This subject comes from the 12th Five-Year Plan supported by the National Science and Technology support Program, "dry and wet coupled fermentation gas, heat, union supply technology integration and demonstration" (subject number: 2011BAD15B04). The purpose of this paper is to design a storage tank system which can store and transport biogas fertilizer safely. At the same time, a pneumatic suction and drainage system is developed to realize the suction and discharge of biogas fertilizer. The biogas fertilizer collecting and transporting vehicle with uniform fertilization function provides feasible theoretical support and technical model. Based on the comprehensive and systematic research route, the paper follows the principle of combining theoretical analysis with virtual software simulation. In this paper, the storage tank and suction system of the biogas fertilizer truck are studied systematically. The design parameters of the tank system and the selection design of the core parts are determined by theoretical analysis, and the 3D modeling of the virtual prototype is constructed by using CATIA software. The VOF multiphase flow model of fluid software FLUENT is used to analyze and simulate the sloshing of biogas fertilizer sloshing in the tank under different filling ratios during emergency braking. The CATIA finite element analysis module is used to analyze the tank system. According to the calculation results, the tank system is designed and optimized. The geometric dimensions and test parameters of the tank model are determined by using the dimensional analysis method of similarity theory. There is a ratio of approximately 1:64 between the calculated values of the impact force on the front face of the anti-wave plate in the model test and the numerical simulation value in the prototype. The model test results can be extended to prototype. 2) Pneumatic suction and drainage system is designed to realize the function of suction and even discharge of biogas fertilizer. The suction and discharge of biogas fertilizer were calculated by using hydrodynamic knowledge, and the pressure equations of vacuum degree and uniformity of fertilization in the tank during suction operation were obtained. According to the theoretical analysis, the total air consumption and the maximum gas consumption per unit time of the tank system in the process of uniform fertilization are obtained. According to the air consumption of storage tank in the process of fertilization, the selection and design of other core parts in vacuum pump and pneumatic suction and drainage system are determined. Aiming at the problem that the pressure at the fertilizer outlet is unstable in the field fertilization process of the biogas fertilizer pick-up vehicle, it leads to the uneven application of fertilizer. The homogenization fertilization control system with PLC as control unit and solenoid valve as executive component was designed. The hardware design of variable-pressure fertilization control system includes the selection of PLC resource allocation / A / D input module and sensor, and the software part uses GX Developer to write the control program of fertilization system homogenization. The control program is simulated and debugged by using GX Simulator, and the program is optimized according to the debugging results. The results show that the design of storage tank system can effectively solve the storage and safe transportation of biogas fertilizer, and the pneumatic suction and drainage system with high degree of automation can be used to inhale and discharge biogas fertilizer conveniently and quickly. The variable pressure fertilization control system based on PLC can accurately control the pressure following at the outlet of the tank to meet the requirements of uniform fertilization.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S224.2

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