三江平原灌区水位智能监测系统设计

发布时间：2018-05-11 09:08

本文选题：灌区水位 + 微控制器　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：三江平原是我国重要的商品粮基地,因为其具备非常丰富的水土资源环境,这为大规模的发展现代化农业提供了极为有利的天然条件。从1954年起,国家开始投入大量人力、物力、财力开发三江平原,这为三江平原的发展提供了便利的人和、天时。随着大量现代化、机械化国营农场的建立,每年都有大量的荒地被开垦成良田,耕地的迅速增大极大的刺激了农业用水、生活用水的开采和消耗。在开发建设三江平原的初期,无论是地表水资源,还是地下水资源都是比较丰富的。因此,当时国家对水资源的政策主要以防洪、排涝为主,大力发展水利设施建设,全力开采水资源以满足快速发展的农业用水需求。这些政策没有综合考虑到农业的发展与周边水资源环境需求变化,造成了以下灌区水资源环境问题:(1)三江平原灌区98%的用水以开采地下水为主,地下水资源一旦过量开采,需要比地表水更长的恢复周期。当灌区地下水资源被农药、化肥污染时,对污染的治理方法是十分复杂和困难的。(2)三江平原灌区具有十分丰富的地下水资源,由于近几十年灌区对地下水的过度开采,导致了灌区地下水位已经开始出现了水位下降的现象。(3)三江平原灌区对境内水资源几十年的开采,改变了原有的地下水资源分布格局,有些农场出现了灌溉季节居民用水紧张的局面,影响了周边城市居民的用水需求,例如佳木斯、鹤岗。(4)三江平原的水质生态环境遭到破坏,随着农场工业、农业的发展,生活废水和工业废水的排放污染了灌区地表水与地下水,导致了三江平原区域水位的污染和下降,一些原始的湿地生态环境受到极大影响。灌区在保证农业灌溉、支持社会经济发展方面占据着不可替代的地位。对灌区水位的数据进行监测,是显示我国农业现代化水平的一个重要组成部分。以往的灌区水位数据监测大多是人工现场监测,获得的水位数据不够全面、不够准确,不能及时进行灌区水位数据的采集与传输。本研究将超声波测量水位技术和GPRS无线数据传输技术成功应用到三江平原灌区水位监测系统中,并且为水文监测单位监控中心设计了上位机监测软件。本论文的主要工作内容如下:(1)首先,对三江平原灌区水位监测系统需求进行研究、分析,完成对灌区水位监测系统的整体设计。(2)其次,对灌区水位数据终端采集模块进行设计,采用STC12C5A60S2微控制器为主控芯片,使用C语言编写控制程序,完成水位信息的采集。选择太阳能供电模块为系统电源,保证了水位数据采集模块在野外工作时的供电。(3)选择华为公司开发设计的GTM900为水位数据的传输模块,对组网方案进行设计,保证了水位数据自动、准确的传输给远程监控中心上位机。(4)最后,根据灌区水位中心的实际需求,基于Visual Basic语言实现了对水位数据的显示、存储以及根据实时变化的水位数据绘制曲线图形,工作人员可以设置上限、下限水位值,当超过设定的水位值时,软件会发出警报提醒工作人员。
[Abstract]:Sanjiang plain is an important commodity grain base in China, because it has a very rich soil and water resources environment, which provides very favorable natural conditions for the large-scale development of modern agriculture. From 1954, the state began to invest a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to develop the Sanjiang plain, which provided convenience for the development of the Sanjiang plain. With the establishment of a large number of modernized and mechanized state-run farms, a large number of wasteland has been reclaimed every year, and the rapid increase of cultivated land has greatly stimulated the agricultural water use and the exploitation and consumption of domestic water. In the early stage of the development and construction of the Sanjiang plain, both the surface water resources and the groundwater resources were relatively rich. At that time, the national policy of water resources was mainly based on flood control and drainage, vigorously developing water conservancy facilities and fully exploiting water resources to meet the rapid development of agricultural water demand. These policies did not take into account the development of agriculture and the changes in the surrounding water resources and environment needs, resulting in the water resources and environment problems in the following irrigation areas: (1) Sanjiang In the plain irrigation area, 98% of water is mainly used to exploit groundwater. Once the groundwater resources are overexploited, the recovery period is longer than that of the surface water. When the groundwater resources in the irrigation area are polluted by pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the treatment method for pollution is very complicated and difficult. (2) the irrigation area in Sanjiang plain has very rich groundwater resources, because of the near dozens of groundwater resources. Over exploitation of groundwater in the annual irrigation area, the groundwater level in the irrigated area has begun to decline. (3) the exploitation of domestic water resources in the Sanjiang plain irrigation area has changed the distribution pattern of the original groundwater resources for several decades, and some farms have appeared the situation of water shortage in the irrigation season, affecting the residents in the surrounding cities. The water demand, such as Jiamusi and Hegang. (4) the water quality and ecological environment of the Sanjiang plain has been destroyed. With the development of the farm industry and agriculture, the discharge of domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater pollutes the surface water and groundwater in the irrigated area, resulting in the pollution and decline of the regional water level in the Sanjiang plain, and some original wetland ecological environment has been greatly affected. The irrigation area plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring agricultural irrigation and supporting social and economic development. Monitoring the data of the water level in the irrigation area is an important part of the level of agricultural modernization in our country. The previous monitoring of the water level data in the past is mostly artificial site monitoring, and the data obtained are not comprehensive and accurate. The water level data of the irrigation area can not be collected and transmitted in time. This study successfully applied the ultrasonic measurement water level technology and GPRS wireless data transmission technology to the water level monitoring system of the Sanjiang plain irrigation area, and designed the upper computer monitoring software for the monitoring center of the hydrological monitoring units. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) first, The demand of water level monitoring system in Sanjiang plain irrigation area is studied and analyzed. (2) Secondly, the design of the terminal acquisition module of the water level data of the irrigation area is designed, the STC12C5A60S2 micro controller is used as the main control chip, the control program is written in the C language, the water level information is collected and the solar energy is selected. The power supply module is the power supply of the system, which ensures the power supply of the water level data acquisition module in the field. (3) select the GTM900 designed by HUAWEI for the transmission module of the water level data, design the network scheme, ensure the water level data automatically and accurately transmit to the remote monitoring center upper computer. (4) finally, according to the water level center of the irrigation area The actual demand is based on the Visual Basic language to display the water level data, store the water level data and draw the curves according to the real-time changing water level data. The staff can set upper limit and lower water level value. When the water level is exceeded, the software will alert the staff.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S274;S126

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