氨基酸发酵尾液对水溶肥料的增效作用与机理研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 21:37

本文选题：氨基酸发酵尾液 + 水溶肥料　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：氨基酸发酵尾液富含游离氨基酸、糖分等小分子有机营养物质,是一类优良的肥料添加剂和功能增效材料,近年来在各类新型肥料的研制中应用广泛。本文以3种不同类型的氨基酸发酵尾液为研究材料,通过田间试验、15N示踪试验、培养试验和砂培试验等方法,系统研究氨基酸发酵尾液对常规水溶肥料的增效作用,并对其作用的机理进行了初步探索。主要研究结果如下:1.水溶肥料中添加氨基酸发酵尾液可以产生明显的增效作用,显著增加番茄产量,改善果实品质,提升土壤生物活性。与普通水溶肥料相比,平均增产幅度达9%以上,果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、Vc含量和糖酸比分别提高14.61%~19.28%、10.15%~16.54%、16.32%~17.73%和35.38%~36.01%,可滴定酸度含量降低7.84%~16.00%;土壤微生物生物量碳含量、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶等功能性酶活性分别提高27.77%~36.23%、34.46~38.39%、10.59~16.47%和10.74~22.15%。2.水溶肥料中添加氨基酸发酵尾液可以明显优化肥料氮素的利用效果,显著增加作物对肥料氮素的吸收,调控肥料氮素在作物体内的转运和累积,从而提高肥料利用效率。与普通水溶肥料相比,番茄植株总氮吸收量和肥料氮吸收量平均分别增加8.09%和9.91%,叶片、果实等主要功能器官的肥料氮累积量平均分别增加18.20%和8.01%;肥料氮素利用率平均提高9.91%,氮素损失率平均降低14.36%。3.氨基酸发酵尾液能够调控酰胺态氮和铵态氮的土壤转化过程,减缓酰胺态氮的水解和铵态氮的硝化速率,从而延长氮素作用时间,提高氮素利用效率;同时,氨基酸发酵尾液能够调控磷肥的土壤转化过程,显著增加土壤中有效磷、二钙磷酸盐和八钙磷酸盐的含量,提高土壤磷的有效性,改善土壤供磷水平。4.氨基酸发酵尾液能够影响番茄根系生长发育,且其作用效果与尾液浓度密切相关。其中,中、低浓度氨基酸发酵尾液(2g/L和1g/L)可以刺激作物根系生长发育,促进根系延展,与普通霍格兰营养液对照相比,根系活力提升13.73~44.28%,根系鲜重、干重、长度、体积和表面积分别提高8.58~46.30%、10.91~54.39%、8.66~82.21%、2.13~76.60%和7.74~45.74%;高浓度(5g/L)氨基酸发酵尾液则会对根系生长产生胁迫作用,抑制作物根系发育。
[Abstract]:Amino acid fermentation tail liquid is rich in free amino acids, sugar and other small molecular organic nutrients. It is a kind of excellent fertilizer additives and functional synergistic materials. It has been widely used in the development of various new fertilizers in recent years. In this paper, the synergistic effect of amino acid fermentation tail liquid on conventional water-soluble fertilizer was systematically studied by means of field experiment, culture test and sand culture experiment. The mechanism of its action was explored. The main results are as follows: 1. The addition of amino acid fermentative tail liquid into water-soluble fertilizer could significantly increase tomato yield, improve fruit quality and enhance soil biological activity. Compared with ordinary water-soluble fertilizer, the average yield increased by more than 9%, fruit soluble solids, soluble sugar VC content and sucrose acid ratio increased 14.61% and 19.28%, respectively. The content of soil microbial biomass carbon, sucrase and sucrase decreased by 17.73% and 35.38% respectively, and the titratable acidity decreased by 7.8416.00%. The activities of functional enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase and urease were increased by 27.777.23% and 34.46%, 38.39%, 16.47% and 10.74%, 22.15% and 22.15%, respectively. The addition of amino acid fermentative tail liquid into water-soluble fertilizer can obviously optimize the nitrogen utilization efficiency of fertilizer, increase the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen, regulate the transfer and accumulation of fertilizer nitrogen in the crop body, and improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization. Compared with common water-soluble fertilizer, the total nitrogen uptake and fertilizer nitrogen uptake of tomato plants increased by 8.09% and 9.91%, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation of fruit and other main functional organs increased by 18.20% and 8.01 respectively, and the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency increased by 9.91%, and the nitrogen loss rate decreased by 14.36.3.The results showed that the nitrogen accumulation of fruits and other main functional organs increased by 18.20% and 8.01%, respectively. Amino acid fermentation tail liquid can regulate the process of soil transformation of amide-nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, slow down the hydrolysis of amide-nitrogen and nitrification rate of ammonium nitrogen, prolong the action time of nitrogen and improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilization, at the same time, Amino acid fermentation tail liquid could regulate the process of soil transformation of phosphate fertilizer, increase the contents of available phosphorus, dicalcium phosphate and octopalcium phosphate, improve the availability of phosphorus in soil, and improve the phosphorus supply level of soil. The growth and development of tomato roots were affected by amino acid fermentation tail solution, and the effect was closely related to the concentration of tail liquid. Among them, 2 g / L and 1 g / L of low concentration amino acid fermentation tail liquid could stimulate the growth and development of crop root system and promote root system extension. Compared with the control of Hoagland nutrient solution, the root system activity was increased 13.73% 44.28%, root fresh weight, dry weight, length. The volume and surface area were increased by 8.58 ~ 46.30% and 8.66 ~ 82.21 ~ (76.60%) and 7.74 ~ 45.74%, respectively, while the high concentration of 5 g / L amino acid fermentative tail liquid had stress effect on root growth and inhibited the development of crop root system.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S143

【参考文献】