1956—2010年三江源区水土流失状况演变

发布时间：2018-05-11 22:30

本文选题：三江源区 + 水土流失　；参考：《环境科学研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：为研究三江源区水土流失状况变化及其可能成因,基于1956—2010年三江源区水文、气象观测资料以及遥感数据,借助Mann-Kendall趋势检验法分析了输沙量的年际变化,并采用双累积曲线、RUSLE(修正的通用土壤流失方程)分析了水土流失状况变化的可能成因.结果表明:1三江源区输沙量表现为黄河源区长江源区澜沧江源区,输沙量最大值均出现在6—8月,最小值均出现在12月—翌年1月.2各流域输沙量的年际变化较大,并且均以20世纪80年代为最大.2005—2010年黄河源区输沙量较多年平均值减少32.25%,而长江源区和澜沧江源区分别相应增加24.76%和41.86%.黄河源区土壤水蚀量增加明显,长江源区不同河段各有增减,澜沧江源区土壤水蚀强度降低.3引起水土流失状况变化的原因主要包括气候变化和生态工程两个方面.即1降雨量的增加导致降雨侵蚀力和径流量增加,使得土壤水蚀量和河流输沙量有所增加;2生态工程实施后,土壤中w(有机质)虽有所增加,但仍明显低于1980年的水平.尽管植被覆盖度有所提高,但对水土保持功能起重要作用的根系层恢复却较为缓慢,因此,土壤保持功能基本上未得到提高.
[Abstract]:In order to study the change of soil and water loss in the source area of Sanjiang and its possible causes, based on the hydrological, meteorological observation data and remote sensing data of Sanjiang source area from 1956 to 2010, the interannual variation of sediment transport volume was analyzed with the help of Mann-Kendall trend test method, and the soil erosion status was analyzed by using the double cumulative curve and RUSLE (correction of general soil loss equation). The possible cause of the change shows that: 1 the sediment transport in the source area of Sanjiang is shown in the source area of the Lancang River in the source area of the the Yellow River source region. The maximum value of sediment transport is in the 6 - August. The minimum value of the sediment transport in the.2 basin of December to January is larger, and the sediment transport in the the Yellow River source area of 1980s is the largest in 1980s. The average value of soil water erosion in the source area of the Yangtze River and the source area of Lancang increased by 32.25%, while the soil water erosion in the source area of the Yangtze River and the source area of the Lancang was increased by 24.76% and the the Yellow River source area respectively. The soil water erosion intensity in the source area of the Yangtze River was reduced by.3, and the changes of soil erosion were mainly caused by climate change and ecological engineering two. On the other hand, the increase of 1 rainfall resulted in the increase of rainfall erosivity and runoff, increasing the amount of soil water erosion and river sediment transport. 2 although the w (organic matter) in the soil increased, but it was still significantly lower than the level in 1980 after the implementation of the ecological engineering. Restoration of strata is relatively slow, so soil conservation function is basically not improved.

【作者单位】：北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院;中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室;中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室;
【基金】：中国工程院重点咨询项目(2014-XZ-31) 中国环境科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项基金(2014-YKY-003)
【分类号】：S157

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