核桃晚霜危害机理研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 00:08

本文选题：核桃 + 低温　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：核桃(Juglans regia L.)是重要的木本油料树种,经济价值很高。近年来晚霜冻害时有发生,损失极大。2013年河北省中南部4月18~20日发生的晚霜冻害,造成核桃减产60%~99%。为研究核桃晚霜冻害发生机理,在河北绿岭果业有限公司示范园,于霜冻发生之前,研究了叶片和子房的过冷却点、结冰点、电解质渗出率、低温半致死温度、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质含量等生理指标;晚霜发生后研究了晚霜冻害情况及剪除受冻新梢后的效应。结果表明:1.河北绿岭果业有限公司6个基地晚霜发生当天核桃均处于新梢伸长期,夜间的最低温度为-1.8~-3.7℃,不同基地核桃减产39%~99%;持续低温指数与雌花保存率、平均单株坐果数呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.958和0.923,与减产百分数呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.914。2.同一立地条件下,‘绿岭’,‘香玲’,‘辽宁1号’,‘上宋6号’,‘中林1号’,‘清香’6个品种的受冻指数分别为41.97%、52.65%、54.88%、67.58%、74.93%、99.67%;6个品种植株小于5 cm,5~10 cm,大于10 cm的新梢受冻指数均随新梢长度的增加逐渐增大,‘绿岭’核桃3种长度新梢的受冻指数分别为54.98%、64.01%、80.50%,‘清香’核桃3种长度新梢的受冻指数分别为71.85%、81.33%、90.26%。3.不同立地条件下,‘绿岭’在丘陵顶部和低洼部位的受冻指数分别为50%、98%;不同海拔条件下,‘绿岭’,‘香玲’,‘中林1号’,‘上宋6号’在海拔125 m时的受冻指数分别为45.93%、46.33%、54.18%、62.14%,在海拔114 m时均达到100%。4.单芽营养物质总量均为长枝高于短枝,晚霜冻害发生后的单芽营养物质总量与副芽萌发后的新梢长度呈正相关;木质部淀粉和全磷总量均与新梢长度存在极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.992、0.992。5.‘绿岭’,‘香玲’,‘辽宁1号’,‘上宋6号’,‘中林1号’,‘清香’叶片的过冷却点和结冰点温度均低于子房。‘绿岭’叶片过冷却点及结冰点较‘清香’低1.17℃、1.4℃,子房过冷却点及结冰点较‘清香’低1.4℃、1.39℃;‘绿岭’、‘香玲’叶片、子房的过冷却点,子房结冰点均极显著低于其他品种,‘绿岭’叶片结冰点极显著低于其他品种。6.‘绿岭’,‘香玲’,‘辽宁1号’,‘上宋6号’,‘中林1号’,‘清香’叶片的低温半致死温度分别为-3.33℃、-2.96℃、-2.81℃、-2.63℃、-2.31℃、-2.25℃,其中‘绿岭’极显著低于其他品种;子房的低温半致死温度分别为-2.62℃、-2.58℃、-2.39℃、-2.05℃、-1.80℃、-1.07℃,‘绿岭’与‘香玲’无显著差异,但极显著低于其他品种。7.‘绿岭’,‘香玲’,‘辽宁1号’,‘上宋6号’,‘中林1号’,‘清香’叶片和子房的SOD、POD活性、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量均随着温度的降低,呈现先升高后降低的趋势,6个品种叶片SOD、POD活性、可溶性蛋白质含量达到最大值的温度分别为-4℃、-4℃、-3℃、-3℃、-3℃、-3℃,子房SOD、POD活性达到最大值的温度分别为-3℃、-3℃、-3℃、-3℃、-2℃、-2℃;叶片可溶性糖含量达到最高值的温度分别为-3℃、-3℃、-3℃、-2℃、-2℃、-2℃,子房可溶性糖含量达到最高值的温度分别为-3℃、-2℃、-2℃、-2℃、-2℃、-2℃。8.‘绿岭’,‘香玲’,‘辽宁1号’,‘上宋6号’,‘中林1号’,‘清香’叶片和子房的MDA含量、脯氨酸含量、O2-·产生速率均随温度的下降而升高,不同品种上升幅度与达到最高点温度存在差异,在-5℃时均达到最大值。9.霜冻发生当天立即剪除受冻新梢的核桃植株,10 d后副芽、休眠芽萌发率和坐果率分别为80.84%、27.75%,自然放置受冻新梢的分别为41.16%、12.22%。10.对不同品种保护酶活性、有毒物质积累、渗透调节物质含量进行综合评价得出,‘绿岭’,‘香玲’,‘辽宁1号’,‘上宋6号’,‘中林1号’和‘清香’叶片平均隶属度分别为0.531、0.530、0.523、0.493、0.486、0.483,子房平均隶属度分别为0.518、0.487、0.486、0.463、0.461、0.431,表明6个品种的抗霜冻能力由强到弱依次为‘绿岭’,‘香玲’,‘辽宁1号’,‘上宋6号’,‘中林1号’,‘清香’。
[Abstract]:Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important woody oil tree species with high economic value. In recent years, late frost damage occurred in late frost. The loss of late frost damage occurred on 18~20 day in central and southern Hebei Province on April, resulting in the reduction of walnut production 60%~99%. as a study of the mechanism of late frost damage to walnut, in Hebei green Ling fruit industry limited company demonstration park, frost and frost. Before the occurrence, the over cooling point of leaf and ovary, freezing point, electrolyte exudation rate, low temperature half lethal temperature, protective enzyme activity, osmotic substance content and other physiological indexes were studied. After late frost, late frost damage and the effect of cutting off the frozen shoots were studied. The results showed that 1. late frost of 6 bases in Hebei green ridge Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. On the day of occurrence, the walnut was at the elongation stage of the new shoot, the lowest temperature at night was -1.8~-3.7 C, and the yield of different base walnuts was reduced by 39%~99%. The constant low temperature index and the conservation rate of the female flowers were very significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient was 0.958 and 0.923 respectively, and the correlation coefficient was -0.914.2. identical. Under the conditions, the freezing index of "green ridge", 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'Shang song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1', 'Qingxiang' were 41.97%, 52.65%, 54.88%, 67.58%, 74.93%, 99.67%, respectively, 6 varieties were less than 5 cm, 5~10 cm, and the freezing index of the shoots greater than 10 cm increased gradually with the increase of shoot length, 'green ridge'. The freezing index of 3 length new shoots of walnut were 54.98%, 64.01%, 80.50%, and the freezing index of 3 length new shoots of "Qingxiang" walnut were 71.85%, 81.33%, and 90.26%.3., respectively, under different site conditions, the freezing index of "green ridge" at the top and low-lying parts of the hilly was 50%, 98%, and under different altitudes, 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling', ' The freezing index of 'Lin 1', 'Shang song 6' at 125 m altitude was 45.93%, 46.33%, 54.18%, 62.14%. At the altitude of 114 m, the total amount of 100%.4. single bud nutrients were both long branches higher than the short branches, and the total amount of single bud nutrients after the late frost injury was positively correlated with the length of the new shoots after the bud germination; the total lignin starch and total phosphorus were total. There is a very significant positive correlation between the length and the length of the new shoots. The correlation coefficients are 0.992,0.992.5. 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1', and the temperature of the over cooling point and freezing point of 'Qingxiang' leaves are lower than that of the ovary. The over cooling point and the freezing point of the ovary were 1.4 degrees lower than that of "Qingxiang", 1.39 degrees centigrade, 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling' leaves, the supercooling points of the ovary, and the freezing points of the ovary were significantly lower than those of the other varieties. The ice point of the green ridge leaf was significantly lower than that of the other varieties.6. 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1', The low temperature and semi lethal temperature of "Qingxiang" leaves were -3.33, -2.96, -2.81, -2.63, -2.31, and -2.25, respectively, of which 'green ridge' was significantly lower than that of other varieties; the low temperature semi lethal temperature of the ovary was -2.62, -2.58, -2.39, -2.05, -1.80, -1.07, and 'Xiang Ling'. Lower than other varieties.7. 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'Shang song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1', 'Qingxiang' leaves and ovary SOD, POD activity, soluble sugar and soluble protein content increased first and then decreased with the decrease of temperature, and 6 varieties of leaves have reached SOD, POD activity and soluble protein content. The maximum temperature was -4 C, -4, -3, -3, -3 and -3. The temperature of the SOD and POD in the ovary was -3, -3, -3, -3, and temperature, respectively. The temperature of the soluble sugar content reached the highest value, and the temperature of the soluble sugar content reached the highest value respectively. For -3 C, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,.8. 'green ridge', 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'Shang song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1', 'Qingxiang' leaves and ovary MDA content, proline content and O2- production rate all increased with the decrease of temperature, and the difference between the range of different varieties and the highest point temperature was different at -5 C. To reach the maximum value of.9., the walnut plants that were cut off the frozen shoots immediately after the frost occurred, the buds after 10 d, the germination rate and the fruit setting rate of the dormant buds were 80.84%, 27.75% respectively, and 41.16% of the frozen shoots were stored in the natural frozen shoots, and the 12.22%.10. for different varieties of protective enzymes, the accumulation of toxic substances, and the comprehensive evaluation of the content of osmotic substances. "Green ridge", 'Xiang Ling', 'Liaoning 1', 'Shang song 6', 'Zhong Lin 1' and 'Qingxiang' leaf average membership degree is 0.531,0.530,0.523,0.493,0.486,0.483 respectively, and the average subordination of ovary is 0.518,0.487,0.486,0.463,0.461,0.431 respectively, indicating that the anti frost ability of 6 varieties is from strong to weak to 'Green Ridge', 'Xiang Ling'. "," Liaoning 1 "," Shang song 6 "," Zhong Lin 1 "," Qingxiang ".

【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S664.1;S425

【参考文献】