万宁天然海防林不同植物类型土壤微生物多样性分析

发布时间：2018-05-13 03:02

本文选题：土壤微生物群落多样性 + 植物类型　；参考：《海南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：海南岛人工海防林主要以木麻黄树种为主,与天然海防林相比,存在天然更新能力差,防护期较短,且受台风影响防护效能差,经营成本高等问题,因此迫切需要对木麻黄海防林进行更新改造。若要对木麻黄海防林进行更新改造,筛选出天然更新能力强,适应海岸生态条件,耐土壤贫瘠等优良特性的海南本土树种是最为重要的一个环节。在对海南本土树种初步筛选的基础上,本文拟通过对不同植物类型土壤理化性质的分析,土壤微生物群落多样性的分析,探讨植物--微生物--土壤三者之间的关系,以便揭示不同植物类型对土壤微生物多样性的影响,并寻找对土壤微生物多样性影响明显的植物类型,即从土壤微生物与植物类型之间关系进一步筛选海防林林替代树种。该项研究将为海防林替代树种的筛选提供新的研究思路与方法。研究方法:基于对海南岛海防林替代树种的初步筛选,选择了万宁沿海三个地区共八种植物类型:马骝角的草海桐(Scaevola sericea)、岭南山竹子(Garcinia oblongifolia)、刺葵(Phoenix hanceana)、蕨类植物+野牡丹+桃金娘(灌草丛;shrub-meadow);日月湾的对叶榕(Ficus hispida)、榄仁树(Terminalia catappa)和南燕湾的白楸(Mallotus paniculatus)、马鞭草科的越南牡荆(Vitex tripinnata)。土样采集分别在旱季和雨季进行,雨季取样选在2013年10月,旱季取样选在2014年4月。土壤取样是在选定植物周围距离根部1m以内,采集0~10cm和10~20cm两个土层的土样,然后根据五点混合法混合成一个混合土样。采用常规方法测定土壤物理性质(含水率)、化学性质(有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾、p H)。采用BIOLOG微平板计数法测定分析不同植物类型土壤微生物功能多样性,在此基础之上,进一步应用了最能全面解析土壤微生物群落多样性的宏基因组——Miseq测序方法。主要在门和属水平下分析土壤微生物多样性和丰度指数,指出不同植物类型土壤微生物群落结构组成的差异性。采用多项指标综合分析不同植物类型的土壤微生态环境,筛选沿海地区海防林潜在的替代树种。主要研究结果:1.不同植物类型对土壤理化性质的最高值有影响。岭南山竹子的土壤有机质含量最高;越南牡荆的全氮和全钾含量最高;对叶榕的全磷和硝态氮含量最高;有效磷、速效钾、铵态氮等含量最高的分别是白楸、刺葵和灌草丛。说明植物类型是导致土壤理化性质差异的因素之一;2.根据土壤微生物对单一碳源利用能力和多样性指数较为优越或独特的特性,综合分析0~20cm不同植物类型土壤微生物功能多样性,结果表明白楸和对叶榕优势种群对总体碳源利用能力较高,榄仁树和灌草丛对总体碳源利用能力较弱;3.土壤理化性质和土壤微生物对单一碳源总体利用能力的综合分析显示:上层土的土壤养分和土壤微生物功能多样性较下层土的高;土层对土壤物理、化学性质的影响因植物类型而存在差异;不同季节土壤理化性质的变化与植物类型及土壤理化性质本身有关;4.根据高通量Mesiq测序结果,七种植物类型获得有效序列数273454条,序列数从大到小排列顺序为:榄仁树,对叶榕,刺葵,白楸,岭南山竹子,越南牡荆,灌草丛;在0.97的相似度下共获得6658个OTUs,其中榄仁树最高,白楸最低;根据OTU丰度进行的PCA分析,榄仁树、对叶榕、刺葵,它们的多样性较为相近,越南牡荆和灌草丛的多样性较为相近,白楸、岭南山竹子与其他植物类型的多样性较远,说明同一地区不同植物类型的群落多样性存在差异。通过不同植物类型土壤微生物多样性及土壤微生物在各分类水平上的百分比综合分析显示,日月湾的榄仁树和对叶榕的多样性和丰度最高,因此榄仁树和对叶榕是土壤微生物群落多样性较丰富的树种;且它们蕴含的未知序列较大,所以作为开发特殊微生物的树种的潜力最大。总之,土壤理化性质、土壤微生物功能多样性、土壤微生物群落多样性都随植物类型的不同有不同的变化。在同一取样区,土壤养分、土壤微生物群落多样性较高的植物类型分别是:日月湾的榄仁树;马骝角的刺葵;南燕湾的越南牡荆。从不同植物类型上分析,土壤微生物群落多样性从高到低的总体排序为:榄仁树、对叶榕、刺葵、岭南山竹子、灌草丛、越南牡荆、白楸。
[Abstract]:The main species of artificial sea defense forest in Hainan Island are Casuarina Casuarina. Compared with natural marine forest, there are poor natural regeneration ability, short protection period, poor protection efficiency and high operating cost. Therefore, it is urgent to renew and rebuild the forest of wood linen and the Yellow Sea in the Yellow Sea. Hainan native tree species, which has strong regeneration ability, adapted to coastal ecological conditions and poor soil barren characteristics, is the most important link. On the basis of preliminary screening of native species in Hainan, this paper intends to analyze the soil microbial community diversity of different plant types and the diversity of soil microbial community, and discuss the plant microbiology. The relationship between the three types of soil is to reveal the effects of different plant types on soil microbial diversity and to find plant types that have obvious effects on soil microbial diversity. That is to screen the substitutes for marine forest forests from the relationship between soil microbes and plant types. Selection of new research ideas and methods. Based on the preliminary screening of alternative tree species in Hainan Island coastal defense forest, eight species of plant types in three coastal areas of Wanning were selected: Cao Haitong (Scaevola sericea), Garcinia oblongifolia, Phoenix hanceana, ferns + Wild Peony + Myrtle ( Irrigated grass; shrub-meadow); Ficus hispida, Terminalia catappa and Mallotus paniculatus in the South Yan Wan (Mallotus paniculatus), and Vitex tripinnata (Vitex tripinnata) in the family of Verbena. Soil samples were collected in dry and rainy seasons, in October 2013, in October 2013, and in April 2014. The soil samples of two soil layers of 0~10cm and 10~20cm were collected around the selected plants, and then mixed into a mixed soil sample of two soil layers of 0~10cm and 10~20cm. The physical properties of soil (water content), chemical properties (organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, effective phosphorus, available potassium, P H) were measured by the conventional method. BIOLOG micro was used. The diversity of soil microbial function in different plant types was measured and analyzed by plate counting method. On this basis, the Miseq sequencing method was applied to analyze the diversity of soil microbial community, and the soil microbial diversity and abundance index were analyzed at the gate and genus level, and the different plant types were pointed out. The diversity of soil microbial community structure. A number of indexes were used to synthetically analyze the soil microecological environment of different plant types, and the substitutes in coastal areas were selected. The main results were as follows: 1. the highest values of soil physical and chemical properties were affected by different plant types. The total nitrogen and total potassium content of the southern Chinese Vitex is the highest, the total phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen content of banyan is the highest, the highest content of available phosphorus, available potassium and ammonium nitrogen are the white catalpa, the maxim and the shrub. It shows that the plant types are one of the factors that lead to the differences in physical and chemical properties of the soil; 2. according to the ability and diversity of soil microbes to the single carbon source A comprehensive analysis of the diversity of soil microbial function in different plant types of 0~20cm showed that the dominant population of mandshurus mandshurica and banyan had higher utilization ability to the total carbon source, and the utilization ability of olive kernel and shrub on the total carbon source was weak. 3. the physical and chemical properties of soil and soil microorganism used a single carbon source as a whole. The comprehensive analysis of capacity showed that soil nutrients and microbial function diversity in the upper soil were higher than those of lower soil; soil physical and chemical properties were different from plant types; the changes of soil physical and chemical properties in different seasons were related to plant types and soil physical and chemical properties; 4. according to high flux Mesiq sequencing junctions Fruit, seven plant types obtained 273454 effective sequence number, sequence number from large to small order: olive kernel, banyan, anaba, white catalpa, llingnan mountain bamboo, Vietnamese thorns, shrub grass; in 0.97 of the similarity, a total of 6658 OTUs, which are the highest and the lowest in white catalpa; according to the abundance of PCA analysis, olive, banyan, thorn. The diversity of the species is similar. The diversity of the Vietnamese Vitex and the shrub is similar. The diversity of the bamboo and other plant types is far away from the white catalpa and the Lingnan mountain. It shows that the diversity of the different plant types in the same area is different. The diversity of soil microbes and the soil microorganism at the different level through different plant types are found. The percentage synthesis analysis shows that the diversity and abundance of the olive and banyan are the highest in the bay of the day and moon, so the olive and the banyan are the more diverse species of soil microbial communities, and the unknown sequence is larger, so the potential for the development of special microbial species is the greatest. In a word, soil physical and chemical properties, soil Soil microbial diversity and diversity of soil microbial communities vary with plant types. In the same sampling area, soil nutrients and soil microbial community diversity are higher in plant types: day and Moon Bay, horns horns and Vietnam Vitex. From different plant types, soil The total diversity of soil microbial community from high to low is: almond tree, Ficus alba, alpine rush, Lingnan bamboo, shrub grass, Vitex negundo, and catalpa.

【学位授予单位】：海南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.3

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