微生物制剂堆腐秸秆及在大棚土壤改良方面的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 20:48

本文选题：微生物复合菌剂 + 秸秆堆肥　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了解决蔬菜大棚土壤面临的盐渍化、板结、酸化等问题,利用微生物对秸秆牛粪进行堆肥,进而利用堆腐的有机肥来改善土壤的理化性质。这样不但可以解决秸秆及牛粪过剩造成的资源浪费和环境污染问题,还可以通过秸秆堆腐的有机肥改良大棚土壤,促进作物的生长发育。本研究进行了菌株筛选、复合菌剂制备、秸秆堆肥及大棚甜椒栽种等试验,结果如下:1.筛选得到秸秆降解能力强的菌株10株,其包括,四株细菌:X1、X2、X3、X4;两株放线菌:F1、F2;四株真菌:Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4。另外筛得土壤改良菌种,固氮菌2株:N1、N2;解磷酸盐菌株2株:P1、P2;解钾菌2株:K1、K2。对其中一部分菌株进行初步的形态学及分子生物学鉴定,X3为解淀粉芽孢杆菌;F1为灰浅红链霉菌;Z4为深绿木霉菌;P2为具疣蓝状菌。2.将筛选得到的菌株X1、X2、X3、X4、F1、F2、Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、P1、P2、K1、K2、N1、N2与实验室保藏的菌株平菇(P6)、枯草芽孢杆菌(T1)、酿酒酵母(FK)、乳酸菌(BY)及工程菌株康宁木霉(FT)共21株菌进行菌株间拮抗实验,结果表明,菌株间无拮抗作用,并制备复合菌剂①。3.通过堆肥试验得出,实验组3两种复合菌剂的共同参与,能使堆肥短期达到腐熟、无害化、高品质的有机肥标准。堆肥腐熟后实验组3堆肥的理化指标为:pH7.56、有机质565.42g/kg、速效磷2.76g/kg、速效钾13.8mg/kg、碱解氮424.5mg/kg,两种复合菌剂的共同作用,不但使养分释放出来,还能保持养分不流失,提高了秸秆有机肥的肥效。4.甜椒栽培试验表明,实验组3能使土壤由酸性变成微酸性,电导率为0.6mS/cm左右,在一定程度上改善了土壤的酸化及盐渍化问题;增加了土壤中有机质的含量,能使土壤含水率增加、容重降低、总孔隙度升高,防止土层进一步板结及盐分表聚现象发生;实验组3、4在促进甜椒幼苗生长上效果较优。综合考虑得出,实验组3添加有机肥量为30%时,不但改变了土壤的物理结构,还提高了土壤通气蓄水保肥性能,也促进了甜椒幼苗的生长发育。本研究将多种功能性菌株组合加之EM菌剂的共同作用堆腐秸秆,提高了堆肥速效氧分含量,这种生物秸秆有机肥的适宜添加,它可以培肥土壤,促进土壤形成团聚体结构,提高了土壤通气蓄水保肥性能,从而促进了作物的生长。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problems of salinization, agglomeration and acidification in vegetable greenhouse soil, straw and cow dung were compost by microorganism, and the physical and chemical properties of soil were improved by using organic manure. This can not only solve the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by surplus straw and cow dung, but also improve the greenhouse soil through the organic fertilizer of straw heap rot, and promote the growth and development of crops. In this study, strain screening, preparation of compound bacteria, straw composting and planting of sweet pepper in greenhouse were carried out. The results are as follows: 1. 1. Ten strains with strong ability of straw degradation were screened out, including four strains of strain: 1: X1X2X3X4; 2 strains of actinomycetes: F1F2F2; 4 strains of fungus: Z1, Z2Z2Z3, Z4. In addition, two strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, two strains of N _ 1N _ 2, two strains of phosphate hydrolysate, two strains of K _ 2O _ 1, two strains of K _ 2O _ 1 and K _ (2) were screened. Some of them were identified as Bacillus amylolyticus F _ 1 as Streptomyces gravis Z4 and Trichoderma viride P _ 2 as verrucous cyanobacterium. The results showed that there was no antagonistic effect between the two strains, P6, P6, Bacillus subtilis T1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae FKK, Lactobacillus lactic acid strain BY1 and the engineering strain Trichoderma kangningtii (FTFTFT), and the strains X1, X2, X3, X1, F1, F1, and the engineering strain, Trichoderma kangningensis, were tested for antagonistic effect on the two strains, and the results showed that there was no antagonistic effect between the two strains, P6, Bacillus subtilis T1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae FK, Lactobacillus sp. BY) and the engineering strain Trichoderma kangningensis. The compound bacterial agent was prepared. Through composting experiment, it was concluded that the participation of the two kinds of compound bacteria in experiment group 3 could make compost reach the standard of maturity, innocuity and high quality in a short period of time. The physical and chemical indexes of compost in the experiment group 3 after composting maturity were as follows: pH7.56, organic matter 565.42 g / kg, available phosphorus 2.76 g / kg, available potassium 13.8 mg / kg, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen 424.5 mg / kg. The combined action of the two kinds of compound fungicides not only released the nutrients, but also kept the nutrients from losing. The fertilizer efficiency of straw organic fertilizer was improved. 4. The experiment of sweet pepper cultivation showed that the experiment group 3 could make the soil change from acidic to slightly acidic, and the electrical conductivity was about 0.6mS/cm, which improved the soil acidification and salinization to a certain extent, and increased the content of organic matter in the soil. It can increase soil moisture content, decrease bulk density, increase total porosity, and prevent further formation of soil layer and occurrence of salt surface aggregation, while experimental group 3N4 has a better effect on promoting growth of sweet pepper seedlings. The results showed that when the amount of organic fertilizer in experimental group 3 was 30, the physical structure of soil was changed, the performance of soil aeration was improved, and the growth and development of sweet pepper seedlings were also promoted. In this study, the combination of a variety of functional strains combined with EM fungicides can increase the content of rapidly available oxygen in compost. The suitable addition of this biological straw organic fertilizer can enrich the soil and promote the formation of aggregate structure in the soil. Improved the soil aeration storage and fertilizer retention, thus promoting the growth of crops.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4;S156;S626

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