河南省冬小麦土壤生物活性对滴灌方式的响应

发布时间：2018-05-17 21:00

本文选题：节水 + 滴灌　；参考：《中国土壤与肥料》2017年06期

【摘要】：研究河南省井灌区冬小麦土壤生物活性对滴灌方式的响应,为该区最佳滴灌方式选择提供土壤生物学依据。在田间设置2个滴灌定额水平(I:127.5 mm、90 mm)和2个滴灌带间距水平(D:80 cm、60 cm),在冬小麦开花期、灌浆期和成熟期采集耕层土壤,测定细菌、真菌、放线菌3种土壤微生物数量和转化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、水解酶(CAT)、脱氢酶、氧化还原酶(PPO)6种土壤酶活性及小麦产量。结果表明:1)I127.5D80处理的土壤细菌、放线菌生长最旺盛,I90D60处理次之。尤其在成熟期,I127.5D80处理的细菌、放线菌数量比I127.5D60处理分别显著提高5.48倍和10.04倍;2)I127.5D80处理成熟期脱氢酶活性显著高于其余处理,开花期和灌浆期CAT活性均显著低于其余处理。其中,成熟期脱氢酶活性较I127.5D60、I90D60、I90D80处理分别提高208.33%、50%、18.09%,开花期和灌浆期CAT活性分别降低43.52%、46.74%、55.91%和53.25%、10.88%、55.12%;3)土壤生物学响应系数与小麦产量呈极显著正相关关系,I127.5D80处理土壤生物学响应系数、小麦产量均最高,是最佳的滴灌方式。
[Abstract]:The response of soil biological activity of winter wheat to drip irrigation in well irrigation area of Henan Province was studied, which provided soil biological basis for selecting the best drip irrigation mode in this area. Two drip irrigation levels (I: 127.5 mm / 90 mm) and two drip irrigation bands (D: 80 cm ~ (60 cm) were set in the field. The topsoil was collected at flowering, filling and maturing stages of winter wheat to determine the number and invertase of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Urease, phosphatase, hydrolase, catalase, dehydrogenase, redox enzyme PPO-6 kinds of soil enzyme activity and wheat yield. The results showed that the growth of actinomycetes was the most exuberant in the soil treated with 1% I127.5D80, and the second was treated with I90D60. Especially in the treatment of I127.5D80 at maturity, the number of actinomycetes increased 5.48 times and 10.04 times than that of I127.5D60, respectively, and the activity of dehydrogenase in mature stage was significantly higher than that in other treatments, and the activity of CAT in flowering and filling stage was significantly lower than that in other treatments. The activity of dehydrogenase in mature stage was higher than that in treatment I127.5D60D60T60I90D80, and the activity of CAT in flowering stage and filling stage was decreased by 43.522% and 55.91%, respectively, and the soil biological response coefficient was significantly positively correlated with wheat yield under I127.5D80 treatment, and the soil biological response coefficient of I127.5D80 treatment was significantly higher than that of I127.5D80 treatment, and decreased by 43.522% and 53.25%, respectively, compared with that of I127.5D80 treatment, and the soil biological response coefficient was significantly higher than that of I127.5D80 treatment. Wheat yield is the highest, is the best drip irrigation method.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所食用菌遗传育种与微生物资源利用研究室;河南农业大学农学院河南省粮食作物生理生态与遗传改良重点实验室河南粮食作物协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503120,201203077-03)
【分类号】：S154;S275.6

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