“渤海粮仓”小麦生产信息管理系统研发

发布时间：2018-05-19 03:06

本文选题：渤海粮仓 + 小麦生产精准管理　；参考：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：“渤海粮仓”战略构想的提出,主要针对环渤海低平原地区土壤瘠薄盐碱、淡水资源匮乏等问题,综合采取以“土、肥、水、种”为核心的改良增产技术和措施,改造利用盐碱荒地,提升中低产田产能。信息化是促进传统产业发展的推进剂,信息化技术的综合应用对于提升农业的宏观决策水平、提高科学管理能力也具有十分重要的作用。小麦是“渤海粮仓”山东项目区的主要粮食作物,小麦各生育期生长状况与产量关系密切,且小麦生长过程历经环境复杂多变,充分利用信息化技术对麦田环境及小麦生长信息进行监测、管理及分析,对于提高小麦生产科学管理水平,增加粮食产量具有十分重要的意义。本文基于渤海粮仓科技示范工程需求,充分利用物联网技术、数据分析技术及数据可视化技术,研发了小麦生产信息管理系统。完成了麦田环境信息、田间管理信息及小麦长势信息的采集及存储,实现了小麦苗情定量分析、麦田实时预警、小麦气象灾害预警等功能,为小麦科学种植和管理提供了信息服务和技术支持。具体研究内容如下:(1)小麦生产信息采集及传输研究分析小麦长势与田间管理措施、外界环境及土壤水盐动态变化等因子间的关系,确定渤海粮仓示范区小麦生产关键影响因子种类、数量及相应信息的采集方法。物联网技术的综合运用实现了麦田环境信息的实时监测、可靠传输及信息智能处理;并通过信息管理系统的数据采集模块完成了小麦品种及田间管理措施、小麦长势和示范区相关历史信息的网络化提交与管理。(2)小麦生产数据预处理及存储模型研究在麦田环境信息感知过程中,难免会出现异常数据或数据缺失,基于麦田环境信息随时间变化的连续性,选取牛顿插值法完成小麦生产信息采集过程中缺失数据的填补及异常数据的校准,保证数据的时序性及准确性。同时,对小麦生长阶段进行划分,构建小麦生产数据存储模型,完成小麦生产信息的存储。(3)小麦生产信息分析及应用研究苗情是反应小麦长势、影响产量及进行农田管理的重要指标,研究小麦苗情指数计算方法,帮助用户及时掌握小麦长势;通过小麦生长环境阈值设置,实现麦田环境实时预警,帮助农户及时进行麦田管理,促进小麦生长;结合实时采集及历史数据,研究麦田气象灾害预警机制,实现气象灾害自动预警,并提供科学的田间管理服务。(4)小麦生产信息可视化技术研究传统的数据列表虽然能将大量的小麦生产信息展示给用户,但并不利于用户理解及分析数据。利用数据可视化技术,将小麦生产信息以图形图像的方式展示给用户,形象动态呈现各指标变化趋势,能够清晰有效地传达信息含义,帮助用户分析各数据间的内在联系。(5)小麦生产信息管理系统研发根据小麦不同生长阶段特点,建立小麦生产信息管理模型,实现小麦从播种期、拔节期、开花期至成熟期的生产信息管理。利用数据可视化呈现技术,研发友好的人机交互界面和远程发布、查询和互动系统,集成采集、分析和预警等功能模块,研发满足渤海粮仓小麦生产精准管理需求的信息管理服务系统。
[Abstract]:The strategic concept of "Bohai granary" is put forward, mainly aiming at the problems of poor saline alkali soil and lack of fresh water resources in the low plain area of Bohai, and adopting the improved technology and measures at the core of "soil, fertilizer, water and seed", and the transformation and utilization of saline alkali wasteland to improve the productivity of medium and low yield fields. The comprehensive application of information technology plays an important role in promoting the macro decision-making level of agriculture and improving the scientific management ability. Wheat is the main grain crop of the "Bohai granary" Shandong project area. The growth of wheat in each growth period is closely related to the yield, and the growth process of wheat has been used in a complex and changeable environment. Information technology monitoring wheat field environment and wheat growth information, management and analysis are of great significance for improving the scientific management level of wheat production and increasing grain output. Based on the demand of Bohai granary science and technology demonstration project, this paper makes full use of the technology of Internet of things, data analysis technology and data visualization technology. The information management system of wheat production has completed the environmental information of wheat field, the field management information and the collection and storage of wheat growth information, realized the quantitative analysis of wheat seedling situation, real-time early warning of wheat field, early warning of wheat meteorological disaster and so on, which provided information service and technical support for wheat scientific planting and management. The specific contents are as follows: (1) Information collection and transmission of wheat production and transmission of wheat growth and field management measures, external environment and soil water and salt dynamic changes and other factors, determine the key factors of wheat production in the Bohai granary demonstration area, the number of factors and the corresponding information collection methods. The comprehensive application of wk technology realized the environmental information of wheat field. Real-time monitoring, reliable transmission and information intelligent processing, and through the data acquisition module of the information management system, the wheat variety and field management measures, wheat growth and demonstration area related historical information are networked submission and management. (2) wheat production data pretreatment and storage model research in the process of environmental information perception of Wheat field, It is inevitable that abnormal data or data are missing. Based on the continuity of wheat field environmental information with time change, Newton interpolation is selected to complete the filling of the missing data and the calibration of abnormal data in the process of wheat production information collection, and to ensure the timing and accuracy of the data. At the same time, the wheat growth stage is divided and the wheat production is constructed. Data storage model, complete the storage of wheat production information. (3) analysis and application of wheat production information analysis and application of the seedling situation is an important index to respond to wheat growth, influence yield and field management, study the calculation method of wheat seedling index, help the users to grasp the wheat long potential in time, and realize wheat field ring through the threshold of wheat growth environment. Real-time early warning to help farmers to manage wheat fields in time, promote wheat growth, combine real-time collection and historical data, study early warning mechanism of meteorological disasters in wheat fields, realize automatic warning of meteorological disasters, and provide scientific field management services. (4) the traditional data list of wheat production information visualization technology can be a large amount of small data Wheat production information is displayed to the user, but it is not conducive to the users to understand and analyze the data. Using data visualization technology, the wheat production information is displayed in a graphical image to the user, the image dynamically presents the changing trend of each index, can clearly and effectively communicate the information meaning and help the users to analyze the internal relations between the data. (5) wheat According to the characteristics of different growth stages of wheat, the production information management system establishes a wheat production information management model, and realizes the production information management of wheat from sowing time, jointing stage, flowering period to mature period. Using data visualization technology, developing friendly human-computer interface and remote release, inquiry and interaction system, integrated collection. The functional modules such as analysis and early warning are developed to develop an information management service system that meets the needs of precise management of wheat production in Bohai granaries.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S512.1;S126

【参考文献】