不同下垫面红壤坡地壤中流对自然降雨的响应

发布时间：2018-05-19 02:18

本文选题：壤中流 + 下垫面　；参考：《水利学报》2017年08期

【摘要】：壤中流是红壤坡地降雨产流的重要组成,但其发生机理与定量化一直是研究的难点。本文通过野外大型水分渗漏小区长期定位观测,研究自然降雨条件下,不同下垫面(百喜草植草覆盖、百喜草干草敷盖与地表裸露)红壤坡地壤中流产流特征及其关键影响因素。结果表明:(1)植草覆盖和干草敷盖能有效减弱红壤区降雨季节性差异对地表径流的影响,降低地表径流,促进壤中流发育;(2)植草覆盖与干草敷盖的次降雨地表径流系数是地表裸露的10.80%和12.55%,而壤中流次降雨径流系数为地表裸露的2.47倍和3.22倍;(3)下垫面条件能显著影响壤中流的输出特征,地表裸露壤中流主要发生在60 cm层,次降雨径流系数是30 cm层的1.29倍,植草覆盖和干草敷盖主要影响30 cm层,对60 cm层影响较小,且30 cm层次降雨径流系数是60 cm层的1.44倍和2.22倍;(4)春季是植草覆盖与干草敷盖30 cm层壤中流的主要输出季节,输出量占全年的34.90%和39.63%,随着土层深度增加,60 cm层壤中流季节性差异降低;(5)壤中流受降雨量和降雨历时两个因子影响显著,与降雨强度无显著关系。在红壤坡地侵蚀治理过程中,科学的坡面覆盖类型能有效调节坡面降雨-径流特征,控制降雨侵蚀,该研究有助于进一步认识红壤坡地土壤侵蚀机制及防治。
[Abstract]:Soil flow is an important component of rainfall production in red soil sloping land, but its occurrence mechanism and quantification are always the difficulties of research. In this paper, through long-term observation of field large water leakage plot, we studied different underlying surfaces (Bahia grass cover) under the condition of natural rainfall. The characteristics of abortion flow in red soil sloping soil and its key influencing factors. The results showed that grass cover and hay cover could effectively reduce the effect of seasonal rainfall difference on surface runoff and reduce surface runoff in red soil area. The secondary rainfall runoff coefficients of grass cover and hay cover were 10.80% and 12.55% of bare surface, while the runoff coefficient of secondary rainfall in soil was 2.47 times and 3.22 times higher than that of bare soil. The output characteristics of the middle stream, The runoff coefficient was 1.29 times higher than that in 30 cm layer. The vegetation cover and hay cover mainly affected 30 cm layer, and the effect on 60 cm layer was small. The runoff coefficient of 30 cm layer is 1.44 times and 2.22 times of that of 60 cm layer. The output was 34.90% and 39.63% of the whole year. With the increase of soil depth, the seasonal difference of soil flow decreased with the increase of soil depth. (5) the soil flow was significantly affected by rainfall and rainfall duration, but had no significant relationship with rainfall intensity. In the process of erosion control of red soil slope land, scientific slope cover type can effectively regulate the characteristics of rainfall runoff and control rainfall erosion. This study is helpful to further understand the mechanism and control of soil erosion in red soil sloping land.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学水土保持学院;江西省水土保持科学研究院江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41361060,41501287)
【分类号】：S157

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